IRS: A journey from National to International Mission for E.O. Dr. Murthy Remilla Deputy Director, Business Development Antrix Corporation Limited, India

INDIAN TRYST WITH THE CONCEPT OF REMOTE SENSING “Aakramya Vaajin Pruthiveem agnimiccha, ruchaatvam Bhoomyaa vrutvaaya no broohi yataha Khanaama,tam Vayam” (Tattireeya Samhitaa, 4.1.2) Prayer to an angel, ‘Vaajin’ which has three characteristics viz., (i) Capability to fly in the sky, (ii) capability to release a beam of rays, and (iii) capability to walk on the earth There, he prays to the angel that: it should fly first in the sky spread a beam of rays onto the earth and identify the location of the clay, and then walk over the earth at the identified location and confirm the place where the seeker has to conduct digging for the required clay

Contineous advances in Indian Sensor Technology Bhaskara-1 & 2 Earth Observation Sensor Development Microwave Optical Microwave TVPayload Frame imager 341*341 Sq M 1Km GSD Two Spectral bands Intensifier coupled SUPER Vidicon Refractive optics SAMIR Dicke Radiometer 3 frequencies 19.35,22.35 and 31 GHz 150-250 Km GSD 1500 Km swath Forerunners to Operational Remote Sensing Missions- IRS series

IRS - Currently Operational Satellites Cartosat-1, ( IRS-P5) 2005 2.5m STEREO IMAGING TES PANCHROMATIC ~ 1m RESOLUTION RESOURCESAT-1, 2003 PAN 5.8m LISS 23 WIFS 140 m Oceansat-2,2009 OCM, SCATTEROMETER, ROSA Cartosat-2 & 2A (2007/08) PANCHROMATIC 1m RESOLUTION MX 36 m HYSI 64 BANDS IMS-1, 2008

1996: IRS – International Take Off Agreement with EOSAT for reception of IRS-1B at Norman, OK, USA Continued with SI for global marketing of IRS data Global availability of IRS Added IRS-1C/1D and later IRS-P6

1999 : Germany: The Follow On GAF/Euromap, Germany started IRS-1C/1D in 1998/99 Continued for Resourcesat-1 (2005) Added Cartosat-1 (2007) Eagerly waiting for Resourcesat-2 A real source for highly useful feedback IRS in European projects: GMES: Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Image2009: Wall to wall coverage of Europe AMSC: Agricultural Monitoring and Subsidy Control Farm star Campaign FLTS agreement

IRS in Europe GAF/Euromap, Germany started IRS-1C/1D in 1998/99 Ortho processing Data provision User EEA Part of Data funded by GAF/Euromap, Germany started IRS-1C/1D in 1998/99 Continued for Resourcesat-1 (2005) Added Cartosat-1 (2007) Eagerly waiting for Resourcesat-2 A real source for highly useful feedback IRS in European projects: GMES: Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Image2009: Wall to wall coverage of Europe AMSC: Agricultural Monitoring and Subsidy Control (crop type over 249 HR sites scattered across Europe ) Farm star Campaign FLTS agreement JRC Unit EEA = European Environmental Agency I:\euromap\Projects\2008\ESA_CM_20080530_ITT\WP\41,000\Management_Report\Mosaic\country_mosaics_for_report\ 7

Expansion to new Geographies Thailand – GISTDA received and distributed IRS-1C/1D 2000-2002 Iran – a turnkey ground station, 1C/1D, P6,P5 since 2002 Algeria-turnkey project – R1 Australia – R1- 2006 IRS Main uses in Australia : Drought monitoring Forest fire monitoring Land use mapping Flood mapping China : R1-2006 Crop acreage monitoring by remote sensing based on IRS-P6 Land use remote sensing monitoring of Cities Wheat and corn yield estimation Forest surveys Case study: Queensland floods

Land use studies in China- Resourcesat-1 Figure 3. changing patterns (2006--2008) in Huaiyuan county Figure 1. image of 2006 Figure 2. image of 2008

Surveying and Mapping in most parts of China (1:25000 ) IRS C1 in China (2008) Surveying & Mapping Land Use Monitoring Agriculture City planning Area: >50000km2 Scale: 1:50000,1:10000 USER: Geomatics Center of China， Sichuan Province Year: 2007-2009 Surveying and Mapping in most parts of China (1:25000 )

Athens 2.5m 11

Durban 2.5m 12

Lisbon, 2.5m 13

USDA-FAS Program …. Major user of IRS IN USA Participating agencies: National Agricultural Statistics Service Foreign Agricultural Service Farm Service Agency Natural Resource Conservation Service Risk Management Agency US Forest Service Animal Plant Health Inspection Service Agricultural Research Service Data supply to USDA Purchased primarily Landsat data prior to 2006 Primarily Resourcesat data in 2006, 2007, 2008,2009, 2010 and continuing USDA Data Holdings

C1 Mono data + R1 Mx: Environmental Analysis IRS applications in S. Korea (through M/s GeoInfotech Innovation, Seoul Since 2007) C1 Mono data + R1 Mx: color image map for site selection of electronic transport towers in Africa C1 Mono data + R1 Mx: Environmental Analysis C1 stereo data – Mapping inaccessible areas in and out of Korea for construction monitoring, scale – 1: 25,000 + DEM generation Merging C1 + Rapid Eye for color Image mapping , scale: 1:25,000

World’s best resolution OCM from Oceansat-1 Fire Detection using Oceansat-1 OCM Tie-up with SeaSpace Peak of 8 stations 4 in USA, Germany, Spain, Thailand, Malaysia Oceansat-2 Clouds Pt. Conception LA Area detail of Fallbrook showing smoke plumes due to brush fires. These fires resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in property. OCM RGB Color Composite - urban fires in Fallbrook (North of San Diego, S. California U.S.) February 10, 2002 Clouds

2008: Beginning of Antrix 2.0 for IRS 2008 special year: Snapping tie-up with SI Marketing on own New Geographic expansion Entry to Australia New Bird in the Sky - Cartosat-2 Commissioning of Algerian Station on a turn-key basis 2009-10: C2 to 3- Eagle Vision stations New resellers in the network Oceansat-2 agreement with SeaSpace Expanding interest in Cartosat-1 & 2

Hyderabad, India -1m

Perth, Australia -1m

IRS - Answering the User needs ? Application Required ground Resolution Nearest available IRS sensor and resolution Onboard IRS Satellite Land use/Land cover/ forestry studies at regional level 30 m or better, mono WIFS / AWIFS – 180/56 m (Wide Filed Sensor, WiFS Advanced WiFS IRS-1C/D & Resourcesat-1 Land use/Land cover/forestry studies at National level 20 m or better, mono LISS-3, 23m (Linear Imaging Self Scanner) Land use/Land cover/forestry studies at local level 5m or better, Mono LISS-4 (Mono) Zonation, cadastre and tax assessments 1m - 5m , Mono & MS PAN-A/B 2.5m; LISS-4 Mono 5.8m; LISS-4 Mx, 5.8 Cartosat-1, Resourcesat-1 Crop health/yield monitoring, inventory and yield assessment 2-20 m , MS PAN-A/B ,2.5 m ;LISS-4 Mx, 5.8 m Urban utility /infrastructure planning 1- 10m , MS Oceanographic applications & ocean studies 500m or better Ocean Color Monitor ( OCM) of Oceansat-1, 360m OCEANSAT-1/2 High end defence intelligence like flight detection & identification Better than 1m, Mono PAN Cartosat-2 Microwave applications SAR data Multi-resolution 3-50 m C Band SAR imagery RISAT-1, 2011.

Increasing Thirst for High Resolution target Detection (m) Identification (m) Precise Id (m) Description (m) Tech. analysis (m) Urban areas 60 30 3 0.75 Ports & Harbours 15 6 0.3 Railroad, yards & shops 15-30 1.5 0.4 Coasts & long beaches 4.5 0.15 Surface ships 7.5-15.0 0.6 0.045 submarines 7.5-30 4.5-6.0 1 0.03 7.5-15 0.015 troop units 2.0 1.2 bridges Aircraft Missiles (SSM/SAM) Radar Rockets & Artillery 0.05 Ref: Sentinels rising : Lt Col Larry K Grundhauser, USAF Global political security situations & frame works - dual use systems

International Acceptance of IRS 20 IGSs, 20- Resellers, 5 continents, 70 countries

Assurance of Continuity Megha-Tropieques MADRAS, SAPHIR,SCARAB Assurance of Continuity INSAT-3D 1km resolution VHRR constant monitoring cloud cover, temperature & precipitation SARAL KA band Altimeter ARGOS data relay system RESOURCESAT-2 Follow-on of Resourcesat-1 Enhanced payloads

RESOURCESAT-2 Continuity of operational services of R1 to both National & International Users Three Payloads LISS-4 Mx camera with 70 Kms swath LISS-3 with improved radiometric resolution AWiFS with improved radiometry Launch schedule: Q1-2011 24

RISAT-1 Orbit : 6 am / 6 pm polar sun Synchronous Altitude : 536.38 Km SAR PAYLOAD : C-Band (5.8 GHz) Active Phased Array Antenna Technology SAR operating modes : CRS, MRS, FRS, HRS Resolution Swath CRS : 50 m 240 kms MRS : 25 m 120 kms FRS : 3 to 6 m 30 kms HRS : 1 to 2 m 10km x 10 km Data rate : 640 Mbps SSR : 240 Gbits P/L Opn duration : 12 mins per orbit Satellite mass : 1850 Kgs Life : 5 years 25

CARTOSAT-3A & 3B PAN: 0.5m Resolution, 15Km Swath Advanced Cartosat PAN: 0.5m Resolution, 15Km Swath MX: 2m Resolution, 15Km Swath DATA Rate: 12.5 Gbps Data Transmission (Ka band): 1.6 Gbps S/C Mass: 1500 Kg Power: 1200 Watts CARTOSAT-3A Launch by 2013. Technology Development 26

GEO-HR-IMAGING SATELLITE High resolution multi-spectral VNIR : 50m Resolution in 4 bands. Hyper spectral VNIR : 320m Resolution in 60 bands. Hyper spectral SWIR : 192m Resolution in 150 bands. High resolution Multi-spectral : 1.5km Resolution in 3 bands. Data Rate : 200 Mbps Data Transmission : Ku band S/C Mass : 2270 Kg (S/C Dry Mass 850 Kg + PAM G 453 Kg + Propellant 967 Kg ) Power : 1600 Watts Launch by GSLV : 2014-15 27

HYPER SPECTRAL IMAGER SATELLITE 50 M RESOLUTION, 30 KM Swath in VNIR (400 - 1000 NM) with 64 bands SWIR (850 - 2400 NM) with 64 bands TOTAL DATA RATE : 350 MBPS SPACECRAFT MASS : 400 KG. Main Frame Similar To SARAL Bus. ORBIT : 500 KM POLAR SUN-SYNCHRONOUS. LAUNCH BY PSLV BY 2013-14 PROVIDES CAPABILITY TO DETECT CAMOUFLAGE, DECOY AND CHEMICAL SPECIES. SPECTROMETER DETECTOR FORE-OPTICS THREE MIRRO R TELE SCOPE SLIT CON VEX GRATING Ray Diagram of Optics 28

Thank You for Your Attention MurthyRemilla@antrix.gov.in TWENTY 20 …. and Counting ! Thank You for Your Attention MurthyRemilla@antrix.gov.in