© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 1 Commercial in Confidence Game Theoretic approach to energy efficiency Mateusz Wielgosz, Krzysztof Wajda, AGH Krakow Meeting, June 3, 2013 Socially-aware Management of New Overlay Application Traffic combined with Energy Efficiency in the Internet European Seventh Framework STREP FP ICT

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 2 Commercial in Confidence Goal  Reduction of energy consumption via load aggregation and turning off physical machines.  Savings are considerable as idle server (in stand-by mode) can use up to 66% energy of fully-loaded machine.  Main stakeholders here are the IaaS providers, potential interference for users should be kept to a minimum.

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 3 Commercial in Confidence Assumptions  We consider only single resource type on Physical Machines (PM) and all Virtual Machines (VM) seek this resource (e.g. processing power).  VMs are independent.  Cloud has sufficient capacity to satisfy all demands.  VM is to be hosted on single PM (VM/demand is not divisible)  Proposed solution is decentralized, but we show how it could be integrated with S-Box

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 4 Commercial in Confidence Model and game  P = {P 1, P 2,…, P j,…, P |P| }, P j can supply C j resources.  V = {V 1, V 2,…, V i,…, V |V| }, V i demands D i resources.  Lj – total resource utilization of P j.  PM energy consumptionW j = ΣW i D i + W idle  VM „energy efficiency”A(P j )=D i /L j  Players: VMStrategy: pick PMUtility: „Energy efficiency”

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 5 Commercial in Confidence Procedure  Physical Machines (PM):  Track your L j (sum current D i ’s)  Prompt housed VMs to check random PM whenever VM leav6es or joins this PM (alt. only when leaves)  (alt) Send L j to S-Box  Virtual Machines (VM):  Initial pick (random by default, alt. recommended by S-Box)  Check random PM when prompted by PM. (alt. check S-Box)  Migrate to another PM if energy efficiency there is lower by given threshold.  Threshold is used not only to aviod unnecessary migrations, but also to balance power savings and delay caused by migration.

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 6 Commercial in Confidence Chain migration  Migration decreases energy efficiency cost at a local PM and increases efficiency at the remote PM.  D i /L loc D i /(L rem + D x )  Therefore migrating VM can leave new PM address behind, for next VMs. Address is wiped when first VM uses it, other VMs check random PM.  If remote PM still has enough resources it’s address will be left behind again by second VM.  If remote PM is „full”, then it is possible that other probing VMs will find PM with lower power cost.

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 7 Commercial in Confidence Pros and Cons for S-Box involvement  Pros  Better performance  Better allocation from start of the procedure  Cons  Decentralized  No additional infrastructure  No synchronisation

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 8 Commercial in Confidence To be adressed  Dynamics – potential area for social awareness.  Migration cost – power savings vs. user delay.

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 9 Commercial in Confidence References  H. Khani, N. Yazdani, S. Mohammadi “Power-Aware Game for Cloud Computing” 6th International Symposium on Telecommunications,  D. Vesick, D. Tavangarian „Reducing Energy Consumption by Load Aggregation with an Optimized Dynamic Live Migration of Virtual Machines” 2010 International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing,  A. Gandhi, R. Das, M. Harchol-Balter, C. Lefurgy „Optimal Power Allocation in Server Farms” SIGMETRICS/Performance’09,  M. Harchol-Balter „Power Management in Data Centers” PROBE 2011.

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 10 Commercial in Confidence Thank you ! Questions?

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 11 Commercial in Confidence Backup slides 2 VM1 \ VM2Random PM betterRandom PM not better Remote PM not saturated(better, better)(better, try remote PM) Remote PM saturated(try random PM, better)(no improvement, no improvement) VM1 \ VM2Remote PM not saturatedRemote PM saturated Remote PM not saturated(better, better) Remote PM saturated(no improvement, better)(no improvement, no improvement)

© 2013 The SmartenIT Consortium 12 Commercial in Confidence Backup slides 1