Enlightenment Spreads Ms. Ramos
Why would the Churches and monarchs try to stop the spread of ideas with censorship? Ms. Ramos
Why would the Churches and monarchs try to stop the spread of ideas with censorship? Because they challenged their authority! Ms. Ramos
Novels Salons Ms. Ramos
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A Parisian Salon Ms. Ramos
Madame Geoffrin’s Salon Ms. Ramos
The Salonnieres Madame Geoffrin ( ) Mademoiselle Julie de Lespinasse (1732*-1776) Madame Suzanne Necker ( ) Ms. Ramos
An Increase in Reading Ms. Ramos
Other Female Salons ► Wealthy Jewish women created nine of the fourteen salons in Berlin. ► In Warsaw, Princess Zofia Czartoryska gathered around her the reform leaders of Poland-Lithuania. ► Middle-class women in London used their salons to raise money to publish women’s writings. Ms. Ramos
Art & Lit Reflect New Ideas Painters: lighter & more informal rococo style Composers: classical & rococo Lit: novel -long stories about their own times Ms. Ramos
Baroque Art Ms. Ramos
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Roccoco Ms. Ramos
Music Bach Handel Mozart Ms. Ramos
Despots Embrace New Ideas Some absolute rulers of the time adopted limited reforms Religious tolerance Monarchs were not willing to share their power Ms. Ramos
The spirit of optimism quickly spread throughout Europe. A few monarchs became enlightened despots, changing their systems of government and ruling according to Enlightenment ideas. Frederick II, had duty to rule with absolute power Also strongly influenced by ideas of Voltaire Built powerful military, introduced reforms Prussia Elementary education for all children Abolished torture Supported most forms of religious tolerance Reduced censorship Reforms No religious tolerance for Jews Opposed serfdom, did not abolish Did not make reforms to achieve justice but to make own rule more powerful Limitations Enlightenment Ideas Spread Ms. Ramos
Russia Catherine II became ruler, 1762 Dreamed of establishing order, justice, supporting education, culture Read works of, corresponded with Voltaire, Diderot Limitations Intended to free serfs, but would lose support of wealthy landowners Catherine had no intention of giving up power Became tyrant, imposed serfdom on more Russians than ever before Reforms Drafted Russian constitution, code of laws Considered too liberal, never put into practice Enlightenment Ideas Spread Ms. Ramos
Enlightenment Ideas Spread Most radical enlightened despot, Austria Joseph II, became emperor 1780 Ambitious reform program Eliminated torture, death penalty Provided free food, medicine for poor Granted religious tolerance to Protestants and Jews Abolished serfdom, laborers to be paid Changes resisted by nobility, church Ms. Ramos
Despots Catherine the Great Joseph II y_Roman_Emperor Frederick the Great files/catherine-the-great-empress-of-russia.jpg Ms. Ramos
Challenged Beliefs Writers, philosophers questioned ideas long held as absolute truth Challenged beliefs in absolute monarchies Questioned relationship between church and sate Debated rules and rights of people in society Promoted ideas reformers and revolutionaries would later use to change society Belief in progress spurred many to enact reforms Believed reason could solve any problem, debated ways to make society more just Did not accept poverty, ignorance, inequality as facts of life Reforms Ideas about power, authority inspired reforms and revolutions American colonists inspired to break free from British monarchy Colonists strongly influenced by political views of Locke, Rousseau Revolutions Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Draw Conclusions How successful were the reforms of the enlightened despots? Answer(s): They were successful but limited by political opposition.
Majority slowly changes Late 1700s Enlightenment reaches peasants Ideas w/ war and economic troubles brings revolt Ms. Ramos