1. Enlightened Despots

2. Refresher from Yesterday What is a monarchy? What Enlightenment ideas supported a monarchy? Which ideas went against monarchy?

3. Predict, in your notes: Why would a monarch embrace the ideas of the Enlightenment? Which ideas would a monarch adopt? What benefits does a monarch get from adopting Enlightenment ideas?

4. despot = monarch Enlightened Despots

5. Frederick II (“The Great”) Ruled: 1740-1786 King of Prussia Established a system for elementary education Abolished torture Granted religious tolerance to Protestants & Catholics Reduced censorship

6. Catherine II (“The Great”) Ruled: 1762-1796 Queen of Russia Wrote a Russian constitution and a code of laws Supported education and culture Expanded size of the Russian Empire

7. Why do you think Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine II of Russia were limited in their reforms?

8. Joseph II Ruled: 1780-1790 King of Austria Abolished torture and the death penalty Provided free food and medicine to the poor Granted religious tolerance to Protestants and Jews Required laborers be paid for their work

9. How do you think the nobility and Church reacted to the reforms of Joseph II?

10. Opinion Question Do you think the enlightened despots were truly “enlightened”? Explain why or why not.