Units 1-2 Review 8000 BCE—600 CE

1. The Paleolithic Age refers to the period at which agriculture was developed. the period in which simple stone tools were developed. the period before the full development of the homo sapiens species. the period before people learned how to communicate. the latest of the two stone ages.

1. The Paleolithic Age refers to the period at which agriculture was developed. the period in which simple stone tools were developed. the period before the full development of the homo sapiens species. the period before people learned how to communicate. the latest of the two stone ages.

2. A characteristic of the human species before the advent of civilization was the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones. the ability to organize large political units. the inability to communicate about abstractions such as death. that all tasks were shared equally by men and women. land ownership was equal.

2. A characteristic of the human species before the advent of civilization was the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones. the ability to organize large political units. the inability to communicate about abstractions such as death. that all tasks were shared equally by men and women. land ownership was equal.

3. The Neolithic revolution occurred first in Egypt. the Middle East. Central America. China. India.

3. The Neolithic revolution occurred first in Egypt. the Middle East. Central America. China. India.

4. A society is almost certainly a civilization if it practices sedentary agriculture. it involves tool use. it has religious rituals. it has some political structure. it gathers food to survive.

4. A society is almost certainly a civilization if it practices sedentary agriculture. it involves tool use. it has religious rituals. it has some political structure. it gathers food to survive.

5. The development of writing resulted from new technologies, notably the invention of paper. helps explain why agriculture could develop. helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic. resulted from the needs of the various river valley civilizations to communicate with one another. was unusual in an agricultural society.

5. The development of writing resulted from new technologies, notably the invention of paper. helps explain why agriculture could develop. helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic. resulted from the needs of the various river valley civilizations to communicate with one another. was unusual in an agricultural society.

6. Egypt differed from Mesopotamian civilization by stressing well-organized, durable empires. extensive trade. firm religious beliefs. greater social equality. more modest building projects.

6. Egypt differed from Mesopotamian civilization by stressing well-organized, durable empires. extensive trade. firm religious beliefs. greater social equality. more modest building projects.

7. Which river valley civilization was most completely destroyed by natural disasters such as climate change? Hwanghe Indus Nile Tigris-Euphrates Mekong

7. Which river valley civilization was most completely destroyed by natural disasters such as climate change? Hwanghe Indus Nile Tigris-Euphrates Mekong

8. Why did the original inhabitants of Australia not develop agriculture? Australian soil was too barren to grow crops. The Australian climate was too severe. They were too isolated to learn of developments elsewhere until recently. Australia never experienced an ice age. They were prevented from doing so by the Neolithic revolution.

8. Why did the original inhabitants of Australia not develop agriculture? Australian soil was too barren to grow crops. The Australian climate was too severe. They were too isolated to learn of developments elsewhere until recently. Australia never experienced an ice age. They were prevented from doing so by the Neolithic revolution.

9. A “dynasty” in Chinese history was any emperor who lasted more than two decades. a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation. powerful bureaucrats who ran the state. big business families who monopolized overseas trade. kings dominated by foreign interests.

9. A “dynasty” in Chinese history was any emperor who lasted more than two decades. a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation. powerful bureaucrats who ran the state. big business families who monopolized overseas trade. kings dominated by foreign interests.

10. The “Son of Heaven” concept was designed to promote all of the following EXCEPT loyalty to the emperor. centralization of power in the state. priests’ control of the state. the remoteness of emperor from subjects. an explanation of the decline of dynasties.

10. The “Son of Heaven” concept was designed to promote all of the following EXCEPT loyalty to the emperor. centralization of power in the state. priests’ control of the state. the remoteness of emperor from subjects. an explanation of the decline of dynasties.

11. The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in that it lasted longer. it practiced Confucianism. it was more centralized. it was defeated by invading Huns. it eventually declined and fell.

11. The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in that it lasted longer. it practiced Confucianism. it was more centralized. it was defeated by invading Huns. it eventually declined and fell.

12. Which of the following was a Confucian belief? Change should be encouraged and modeled by the emperor. A good society has a hierarchy both in family and state. Merchants must be valued for their money-making skills. Governments must not interfere with individual rights. People of all social classes and abilities should be actively involved in government.

12. Which of the following was a Confucian belief? Change should be encouraged and modeled by the emperor. A good society has a hierarchy both in family and state. Merchants must be valued for their money-making skills. Governments must not interfere with individual rights. People of all social classes and abilities should be actively involved in government.

13. Daoists would agree with Confucianists on all of the following EXCEPT the importance of political activity. scorn for greed. basic harmony of nature. importance of restraint in personal life. the importance of tradition.

13. Daoists would agree with Confucianists on all of the following EXCEPT the importance of political activity. scorn for greed. basic harmony of nature. importance of restraint in personal life. the importance of tradition.

14. Women in Han Chinese society could rise to the level of the emperor but only if they had no children. sometimes become quite powerful in a household. tended to be poor and were sometimes sold into slavery. tended to marry much younger men. would not have children until much older.

14. Women in Han Chinese society could rise to the level of the emperor but only if they had no children. sometimes become quite powerful in a household. tended to be poor and were sometimes sold into slavery. tended to marry much younger men. would not have children until much older.

15. A famous example of “cultural diffusion” in early Chinese history was the spread of paper-making technology from the Middle East. the use of the iron plow from Rome. the development of written Mandarin Chinese characters. the introduction and spread of Buddhism from India. the use of the chariot which was brought in by the Mongols.

15. A famous example of “cultural diffusion” in early Chinese history was the spread of paper-making technology from the Middle East. the use of the iron plow from Rome. the development of written Mandarin Chinese characters. the introduction and spread of Buddhism from India. the use of the chariot which was brought in by the Mongols.

16. Which of the following groups was considered “low standing” in official Chinese social hierarchy? Students Merchants Peasants Scholars Soldiers

16. Which of the following groups was considered “low standing” in official Chinese social hierarchy? Students Merchants Peasants Scholars Soldiers

17. The Aryan conquerors brought to India its first civilization. distinctive religious ideas. admiration for India’s earlier inhabitants. new agricultural techniques. political democracy.

17. The Aryan conquerors brought to India its first civilization. distinctive religious ideas. admiration for India’s earlier inhabitants. new agricultural techniques. political democracy.

18. The Indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by enforcing rules about social behavior. unifying the subcontinent under a single government. creating widespread interest in constitutional issues. promoting a belief in individual rights. causing unrest and rebellion.

18. The Indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by enforcing rules about social behavior. unifying the subcontinent under a single government. creating widespread interest in constitutional issues. promoting a belief in individual rights. causing unrest and rebellion.

19. Hinduism urged that withdrawal from the world was the only path to holiness. Brahmins would automatically gain nirvana after death. all living creatures participated in the divine essence. worship of nature’s spirits and images was blasphemous. monotheism was superior to polytheism.

19. Hinduism urged that withdrawal from the world was the only path to holiness. Brahmins would automatically gain nirvana after death. all living creatures participated in the divine essence. worship of nature’s spirits and images was blasphemous. monotheism was superior to polytheism.

20. Buddhism differed from Hinduism by not believing in the caste system. in holy leaders. in nirvana. in the importance of moral obligations. in spreading the faith.

20. Buddhism differed from Hinduism by not believing in the caste system. in holy leaders. in nirvana. in the importance of moral obligations. in spreading the faith.

21. “Nirvana” meant full union with the divine essence. reincarnation in a higher caste after a good life. the Hindu holy book. obedience to the rules of the caste system. acquiring earthly wealth.

21. “Nirvana” meant full union with the divine essence. reincarnation in a higher caste after a good life. the Hindu holy book. obedience to the rules of the caste system. acquiring earthly wealth.

22. Nalanda became famous for being the first capital of the Gupta Empire. its university that attracted students from all over Asia. being the site where Buddha became enlightened. site of battle between Alexander the Great and the Guptas. being the birthplace of Ashoka and his capital.

22. Nalanda became famous for being the first capital of the Gupta Empire. its university that attracted students from all over Asia. being the site where Buddha became enlightened. site of battle between Alexander the Great and the Guptas. being the birthplace of Ashoka and his capital.

23. Compared to China, India lacked regional diversity and was more centralized. had greater contact with other societies and civilizations. had a more flexible social structure that gave a greater role for women. was more secular in outlook with a focus on commercial values. had much more recent origins due to the invasion of the Aryans.

23. Compared to China, India lacked regional diversity and was more centralized. had greater contact with other societies and civilizations. had a more flexible social structure that gave a greater role for women. was more secular in outlook with a focus on commercial values. had much more recent origins due to the invasion of the Aryans.

24. In the classical period, both China and India showed considerable tolerance for different religions. attempted to conquer the most territory possible. developed a lasting tradition of strong, centralized government. welcomed influences from other cultures. created cultural traditions which rapidly died off.

24. In the classical period, both China and India showed considerable tolerance for different religions. attempted to conquer the most territory possible. developed a lasting tradition of strong, centralized government. welcomed influences from other cultures. created cultural traditions which rapidly died off.

25. India’s trading network involved direct contact with all of the following EXCEPT southeast Asia. the Middle East. China. Russia. central Asia.

25. India’s trading network involved direct contact with all of the following EXCEPT southeast Asia. the Middle East. China. Russia. central Asia.

26. The two Mediterranean powers fighting in the Punic Wars were Athens and Sparta. Egypt and the Persian Empire. Macedonia and Crete. Sicily and Ionia. Carthage and Rome.

26. The two Mediterranean powers fighting in the Punic Wars were Athens and Sparta. Egypt and the Persian Empire. Macedonia and Crete. Sicily and Ionia. Carthage and Rome.

27. Compared to modern American ideas about democracy, Athenian democracy was distinctive in urging that the state adopt policies to benefit ordinary citizens. separating foreign residents from citizens. naming experienced leaders as military generals. urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policymaking. electing representatives to govern the city-state.

27. Compared to modern American ideas about democracy, Athenian democracy was distinctive in urging that the state adopt policies to benefit ordinary citizens. separating foreign residents from citizens. naming experienced leaders as military generals. urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policymaking. electing representatives to govern the city-state.

28. Republican Romans and democratic Athenians would have agreed that all of the following were politically important EXCEPT proper worship of the gods. a strong military. division of powers within the state. splendid public buildings. an involved citizenry.

28. Republican Romans and democratic Athenians would have agreed that all of the following were politically important EXCEPT proper worship of the gods. a strong military. division of powers within the state. splendid public buildings. an involved citizenry.

29. The Senate of republican Rome particularly represented the landed aristocracy. the emperors. the urban workers. the merchants and businessmen. the non-native Romans.

29. The Senate of republican Rome particularly represented the landed aristocracy. the emperors. the urban workers. the merchants and businessmen. the non-native Romans.

30. The Roman Empire tolerated local political and religious diversity. insisted that all inhabitants become Roman citizens. prevented foreigners from trading within the empire. set up a military draft to supply the Roman legions. allowed no political participation from its citizens.

30. The Roman Empire tolerated local political and religious diversity. insisted that all inhabitants become Roman citizens. prevented foreigners from trading within the empire. set up a military draft to supply the Roman legions. allowed no political participation from its citizens.

31. The Socratic method emphasized the importance of faith in authority. laboratory experiment. questioning. harmony. respect for elders.

31. The Socratic method emphasized the importance of faith in authority. laboratory experiment. questioning. harmony. respect for elders.

32. The Greek and Hellenistic approach in science stressed the importance of practical applications. used mathematics to try and explain nature’s patterns. heavily influenced China’s scientific approach. emphasized the mysterious forces of nature. was purely theoretical.

32. The Greek and Hellenistic approach in science stressed the importance of practical applications. used mathematics to try and explain nature’s patterns. heavily influenced China’s scientific approach. emphasized the mysterious forces of nature. was purely theoretical.

33. Greek and Roman agriculture exported grain to Asia. concentrated on vegetables and dairy products. employed only a minority of the population. tended to develop large, commercial estates. ignored grape and olive cultivation.

33. Greek and Roman agriculture exported grain to Asia. concentrated on vegetables and dairy products. employed only a minority of the population. tended to develop large, commercial estates. ignored grape and olive cultivation.

34. Roman slaves were used for all of the following EXCEPT work in the mines. agricultural labor. household care and tutoring. military service. entertainment.

34. Roman slaves were used for all of the following EXCEPT work in the mines. agricultural labor. household care and tutoring. military service. entertainment.

35. Hellenistic society was known for its advances in medicine and geometry. Latin literature. democracy. religious thought. warfare.

35. Hellenistic society was known for its advances in medicine and geometry. Latin literature. democracy. religious thought. warfare.

36. Nomadic invaders often had military advantages over the armies of empires because they had larger forces with more soldiers. they developed better supply lines. they believed they were fighting inferior cultures. they were more skilled as horsemen. they had smaller distances to cover.

36. Nomadic invaders often had military advantages over the armies of empires because they had larger forces with more soldiers. they developed better supply lines. they believed they were fighting inferior cultures. they were more skilled as horsemen. they had smaller distances to cover.

37. By 600 C. E., an early civilization was beginning to take shape in Central America. Brazil. the west coast of North America. Russia. the West Indies.

37. By 600 C. E., an early civilization was beginning to take shape in Central America. Brazil. the west coast of North America. Russia. the West Indies.

38. Japan developed a religion called Zoroastrianism Eastern Orthodox Jainism Shintoism Buddhism

38. Japan developed a religion called Zoroastrianism Eastern Orthodox Jainism Shintoism Buddhism

39. The end of the Gupta Empire differed from the decline of Rome in that it did not involve a change in political institutions. outside invasions such as the Huns and others. the introduction of a new religion for the majority. the weakening of central government. big cultural changes.

39. The end of the Gupta Empire differed from the decline of Rome in that it did not involve a change in political institutions. outside invasions such as the Huns and others. the introduction of a new religion for the majority. the weakening of central government. big cultural changes.

40. One important early symptom of Rome’s decline was the drop in population due to a series of plagues. the use of slave labor. the replacement of republic by empire. the weakness of the eastern portion of the empire compared to the west. acceptance of Christianity.

40. One important early symptom of Rome’s decline was the drop in population due to a series of plagues. the use of slave labor. the replacement of republic by empire. the weakness of the eastern portion of the empire compared to the west. acceptance of Christianity.

41. The ‘lessons’ of late Han China and the late Roman Empire are that the decline of a civilization, whether temporary or permanent, is not simply the result of attack by outside invaders. follows inevitably from centralized, unrepresentative government. results from undue dependence on slavery. results from social rebellion in which the poor attack the rich and tear down their institutions. results from a lack of religious conviction.

41. The ‘lessons’ of late Han China and the late Roman Empire are that the decline of a civilization, whether temporary or permanent, is not simply the result of attack by outside invaders. follows inevitably from centralized, unrepresentative government. results from undue dependence on slavery. results from social rebellion in which the poor attack the rich and tear down their institutions. results from a lack of religious conviction.

42. After 200 C. E., an increasing number of people in Asia, Europe, and North Africa began to adapt faiths characterized by polytheism. monotheism. animism. secularism. ancestor worship.

42. After 200 C. E., an increasing number of people in Asia, Europe, and North Africa began to adapt faiths characterized by polytheism. monotheism. animism. secularism. ancestor worship.

43. Despite major differences, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism all show interest in strong priesthood. clearly organized church structures. absolute hostility to the worship of religious images and spirits of nature. life after death. polytheism.

43. Despite major differences, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism all show interest in strong priesthood. clearly organized church structures. absolute hostility to the worship of religious images and spirits of nature. life after death. polytheism.

44. Monasticism first developed in Italy under the leadership of Dominic. Peter. Benedict. Francis. Justinian.

44. Monasticism first developed in Italy under the leadership of Dominic. Peter. Benedict. Francis. Justinian.

45. By 600, looking at the entire world, a good definition of ‘barbarian’ would be someone who fights better than a peasant-soldier. someone who is not Christian. someone who is not part of a civilization. someone who is illiterate. someone who is a knight.

45. By 600, looking at the entire world, a good definition of ‘barbarian’ would be someone who fights better than a peasant-soldier. someone who is not Christian. someone who is not part of a civilization. someone who is illiterate. someone who is a knight.