 Kazuki can speak Japanese  Cristina can’t speak Catalan with an Andorran accent  When I was a baby, I could sleep for 12 hours at night What do the words CAN, CAN’T and COULD express? ABILITY, OBLIGATION or PROBABILITY?

1. Kazuki can speak Japanese El Kazuki pot parlar Japonès ( ABILITY IN PRESENT) 2. Cristina can’t speak Catalan with an Andorran accent La Cristina no pot parlar català amb accent andorrà ( LACK OF ABILITY IN PRESENT) 3. When I was a baby I could sleep for 12 hours at night Quan era petita podia dormir 12 hores per la nit ( ABILITY IN PAST)

 1. CAN: poder CANNOT ( CAN’T): no poder  2. COULD: poder en passat COULDN’T : no poder en passat

 Modal Verbs are special Verbs that behave differently from normal verbs. They don’t need auxiliary verb.

SARA CAN SURF  I MODAL VERB VERB in infinitive  YOU  HE  SHE  IT  WE  YOU  THEY

1. They do not take “-s” in the 3rd person ( she, he, it) He can speak Chinese CORRECT He can speaks Chinese INCORRECT 2. They add “not” to make them negative. He can’t (cannot) speak Chinese 3. They go before the verb in infinitive ( TO) He can speak Chinese CORRECT He can to speak Chinese INCORRECT

 ACTIVITIES: USE CAN’T/ COULD/ CAN  Sara ________cook Italian food and she ____________cook French food too!  Peter ____________ swim when he was a child, but now he ____________. In fact, he swims every day!  My cat ____________ jump, but it ____________ talk.  When Vera was young, she ____________ type quickly. She took a typing class and now she ____________ type very quickly!

Modal Verbs express: 1. ABILITY : CAN, COULD 2. PERMISSION: CAN, COULD, MAY 3. OBLIGATION: MUST, HAVE TO 4. PROBABILITY: CAN, CAN’T, (MUST), MIGHT 5. PROHIBITION: MUSTN’T 6. LACK OF NECESSITY: DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO 7. ADVICE: SHOULD/SHOULDN’T

 1. CAN ( CASUAL) Can I call you back later? Can she have a cookie?  2. MAY ( VERY POLITE) May I go to the washroom? *only used with “I” and “we”  3. COULD (MEDIUM FORMAL) Could he pay you tomorrow?

1. __________I speak to Mr. Smith, please? 2. Betty, __________ you help me with this grammar exercise, please? 3. Mrs. Redding, _____________ you lend me two hundred dollars till next week, please?

 1. MUST: HAVER DE (OBLIGATION) I must stop when the traffic lights turn red.  2. HAVE TO:HAVER DE ( OBLIGATION) I have to stop when the traffic lights turn red.  3. MUSTN’T: NO HAVER DE (PROHIBITION) I mustn’t smoke in the hospitals.  4.DON’T/DOESN’T HAVE TO:NO ÉS NECESSARI ( LACK of OBLIGATION) I don’ t have to study 12 hours a day stop when the traffic lights turn red.

 1. MUST : When you are 100% sure something is POSSIBLE  2. CAN’T : When you are 100% something is IMPOSSIBLE  MIGHT/ COULD/CAN/MAY : When you are UNSURE

 1. You look very pale today. You SHOULD go to the doctor’s.  2. Your boyfriend really loves you. You SHOULDN’T cheat on him with other boys.  * SHOULD and SHOULDN’T are modal verbs used to give advice.

MODAL VERBUSEEXAMPLE CAN1.ABILITY 2.ASK for PERMISSION 3.PROBABILITY 1.I CAN DRIVE/ I CAN’T FLY 2.CAN I SIT DOWN? 3.SHE CAN’T BE AT SCHOOL. IT’S HOLIDAY. COULD1.ABILITY IN PAST 2. ASK for PERMISSION ( POLITE) 3. PROBABILITY 1.I COULDN’T DRIVE WHEN I WAS 13 YEARS OLD. 2.COULD YOU PASS ME THE SALT, PLEASE? 3.THIS PASSPORT COULD HIS MUST1.OBLIGATION 2.PROHIBITION 3. PROBABILITY 1.YOU MUST GO TO SCHOOL 2.YOU MUSN’T SMOKE IN HOSPITALS 3.THEY MUST BE HAPPY. THEY HAVE WON THE LOTTERY.

MODAL VERBUSEEXAMPLE HAVE TO1.OBLIGATION 2.LACK OF NECESSITY 1.YOU HAVE TO GO TO SCHOOL 2.YOU DON’T HAVE TO STUDY 8 HOURS EVERY DAY MAY1. ASK for PERMISSION ( POLITE) 2. PROBABILITY 1.MAY I CALL YOU TONIGHT? 2. THE HEADMASTER MAY VISIT OUR CLASS TODAY MIGHT1. PROBABILITY1.1. THEY MIGHT INVITE YOU TO THEIR PARTY