1 Work in pairs. What can you see in the photo? 2 Work with a new partner and compare your ideas. U3-p.37

3 Listen to a radio news program. What is the main news story? a the European Union b the economy c the weather Track 3.1 U3-p.37 c

script Good morning. It’s eight a.m. and this is Charlotte Black with the main news today, Monday December 16. Later in today’s program, we meet the Prime Minister to talk about the European Union. But first, the news headlines. Heavy rain and strong winds are causing chaos and damage on the roads this morning. Many roads are closed and police in the north of England are asking people to avoid traveling by car this morning. Trains are also affected, and Manchester airport is closed. In America, … Track 3.1 U3-p.37

4 What kind of news do you find from these things? Discuss these ways with your partner. See Vocabulary Explorer: Page 118 U3-p.37

3A The history of writing Vocabulary 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. e.g. My favorite ………….. is Treasure Island. 1 My dad reads the ……………….... every morning. 2 My mom listens to the ………….. in the car. 3 My favorite ………………. program is The X Factor. 4 At home, we watch ………….. with English subtitles. 5 I buy a computer ……………….. every month. See Vocabulary Explorer: Page 118 book U3-p.38 newspaper radio television DVDs magazine

3A The history of writing 2 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about some of the things in Exercise 1. e.g. A: What’s your favorite book / television program / magazine? B: My favorite... U3-p.38

3A The history of writing Reading and listening 3 What can you see in the pictures? Read and listen to the text and check your answers. U3-p.38 Track 3.2 top picture: Egyptian paintings and hieroglyphs. bottom left: cave paintings

3A The history of writing Can you imagine your life without books, birthday cards or s? People didn’t have these things twenty thousand years ago. They didn’t read or write, but they were artists. In those times, people drew and painted on cave walls. Their paintings of animals and people were the first recorded stories. U3-p.38

3A The history of writing About five thousand years ago, the Egyptians also painted on walls. They painted hieroglyphs – small pictures – on the walls of the pyramids. Each picture represented one word. U3-p.38

3A The history of writing A thousand years later, people in Samaria (modern-day Iraq) invented cuneiform – a new system of symbols. Each symbol represented one sound. Different combinations of symbols made different words. It was a good system, but it wasn’t fast. It took a long time to write by hand. Then in 1453, a man called Gutenberg made a machine to print words on paper. Suddenly, it was possible to make many copies of a book quickly. For the first time, ordinary people began to read. About four hundred years ago, the first newspapers appeared. Ordinary people also began to send letters with personal news to their family and friends. U3-p.38

3A The history of writing Finally, in the 1980s and 1990s, computers became popular. Now we use and the Internet to write to our friends – without printing or paper. U3-p.38

3A The history of writing 4 Read the text again and complete the time line. The first newspapers appeared. Gutenberg invented a printing machine. The Egyptians painted pictures called hieroglyphs. The Samarians wrote with the cuneiform system. U3-p.39 The Egyptians painted pictures called hieroglyphs The Sumerians invented cuneiform Gutenberg invented a printing machine the first newspapers appeared

3A The history of writing Grammar: past simple be 5 Look at the example. Find five more sentences in the text with the past simple of be. But they were artists. U3-p.39 Their paintings of animals and people were … It was a good system, but it wasn’t fast. His first book was the Bible. Suddenly it was possible …

3A The history of writing 6 Complete the table with the words in the box. See Grammar Explorer: Page 139 U3-p.39 was were wasn’t weren’t

3A The history of writing 7 Complete the sentences with the past simple form of be. e.g. Gutenberg’s printing machine …………. quick. 1 The pharaohs …………. Egyptian kings. 2 The cuneiform system …………. (not) fast. was U3-p.39 were wasn’t

3A The history of writing Grammar: past simple regular and irregular verbs 8 Complete the table with the words in the box. See Grammar Explorer: Page 140 U3-p.39 painted began didn’t read

3A The history of writing 9 Find the regular past simple verbs and circle the irregular ones in the text. U3-p.39 regular: painted, represented, invented, appeared irregular: didn’t have, didn’t read or write, drew, took, made, began, became

3A The history of writing 10 Complete the sentences with the past simple forms of the verbs. e.g. We ………… a great movie at the movie theater last weekend. (see) 1 We ………… The Hobbit at school last year. (read) 2 Forty years ago, my grandparents ………… a black and white TV. (have) 3 I ……………..…… television yesterday evening – I did my homework. (not watch) 4 I ……..…… to write when I five ………… years old. (learn / be) 5 When we ………… little, we ………… a letter to Santa Claus every Christmas. (be / write) saw U3-p.40 read had didn’t watch learnt was were wrote

3A The history of writing 11 Complete the with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. U3-p.40 Hi Tim, Thanks for your about the TV program last night. I (1) …………………. it with my brother. It (2) …………………. really interesting! My brother (3) …………………. the part about the snakes! I (4) …………………. it was great. After the program, we (5) …………………. information on the Internet. We (6) …………………. two great websites: and www. megasnake.edu. See you, Phil watchedwas didn’t like thought looked for found

3A The history of writing Working with words 12 Look at the example. Then replace the underlined words with the expressions in the box. e.g. My grandfather sent this letter 2 years ago. ……………………………. 1 We went to Norway in January.……………………………………….. 2 I bought this magazine last weekend. ……………………………………….. four weeks U3-p.40 April / September month / Saturday

3A The history of writing end / begin, read / write, send /receive, speak / listen