The Immune and Lymph System Chris DePietro Luke Sanderell

First: The Lymphatic System Lymphatic cardiovascular system *Associated*

How homeostasis is maintained 4 functions: Absorb excess fluid  bloodstream *Cardiovascular System Capillaries absorb fats bloodstream *in small intestines Production, maintenance, distribute lymphocytes Defense against pathogens

The System Consists of: Vessels- 1 way system; begins with capillaries excess tissue fluid capillary involvement Skeletal muscle Organs Red bone marrow Thymus gland Nodes spleen

Excess Tissue Fluid Fluid inside capillary: lymph Contains: H2O, fat, ions, nutrients, gases, proteins Contains antibodies from lymphocytes Fight infection

Capillaries Join to form vessels that merge before entering: Thoratic Duct- lymph to left of subclavin vein -OR- Right Duct- right of subclavin vein

Skeletal Muscle Contraction Similar to heart in cardiovascular Forces pump lymph through vessels Always outward No flowing back in

Organs Red bone marrow: Thymus gland More common in children Spongy and semisolid red tissue Site of stem cell division Various types of blood cells made Ex: Lymphocytes (mature B cells) Thymus gland In thoraic cavity T cells mature here by thymosin hormone

Organs Nodes Spleen Small Occur along vessels swollen=fighting infection Spleen Red pulp Blood vessels and sinuses Removes old blood cells White pulp In red pulp where B/T cells are Can live without. Weaker immunity

Video Summary

Immunity Human body at 98.6° is ideal for pathogens to thrive Nonspecific and Specific defenses Bodily defenses keep us alive

Nonspecific Defenses 4 defenses Barriers to entry Protective proteins Phagocytes and natural killer cells Inflammatory response

Barriers to Entry Nonchemical, mechanical barriers Skin and mucous membranes- impermeable In respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts

Protective Proteins 3 ways: When enhanced inflamation histamine release Bind to pathogen surface and engulf White blood cells Joint proteins allow swell and burst

Phagocytes and Natural Killer Cells Kill pathogens Neutrophils in connective tissue Eosinophils- parasite defense Macrophages (everywhere) and dendritic (skin) cells Engulf and destroy by enzyme NK cells Lymphocytes Kill virus infected cells and cancer cells

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Inflammatory Response 4 signs: Redness Heat Swelling Pain/inflamation *red/warm- histamine makes capillaries grow Increased permeability=swelling Stimulates nerves=pain Fever natural response Takes pathogen out of “comfort zone”

Specific Defenses Second in line Work to immunity Used when nonspecific is inadequate Work to immunity No infection now or later Attack and directed to antigen Pathogen or cancer cell Explains immunity to chicken pox Takes 5-7 days first infection Shorter each time after (immunity)

Specific Defenses B and T cells B cells- antibody immunity T cells- cell-mediated immunity

B cells Produce antibodies Produce memory b cells Release cytokines Response to antigens Produce memory b cells After killing virusmitosisimmunity and memory Release cytokines Proteins to help cells communicate to protect These proteins attract killer cells

T cells Cell immunity Recognize antigen Mitosis produces same T cells Introduced by macrophage/dendrite Kills antigen on contact Mitosis produces same T cells Memory cells to protect from same antigen

Innate V. Adaptive

So… Innate immunity= nonspecific defenses Adaptive, or acquired immunity=specific defenses

Active and Passive Immunity Artificial Immunization gives antigen Natural Have pathogen Develop disease and immunity Passive Inject antibodies for protection Passing of antibodies Ex: pregnancy, breast feeding

Immunity: against us? HIV virus Tissue rejection Host is a T cell Attacks macrophages Reproduces in T cell to kill T cells Tissue rejection Complicated transplants Antibodies and T cells object new tissue Solution: give immuno-suppressive drug

Diseases Autoimmune Diseases Allergies Self antigen or foreign? Chronic inflammation and attacking Ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis Allergies Hypersensitivity Sensitive to substance antigens Antibodies launch attack to antigens=symptoms

Works Cited "Active and Passive Immunity." Web. 15 Apr. 2012. <www.infoplease.com/leb/sci/A0858765.html>. "Innate and Acquired Immunity." School of Veterinary Medicine. University of Wisconson. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. <www.vetmed.wisc.edu/data/coursematerial/suresl/lecture3.ppt>. "Innate or Non-specific Immunity." Redirect to New Biomedical Graduate Page. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. <http://rathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/innate.htm>. Mader, Sylvia S. "Chapter 33- Lymph Transport and Immunity." Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2010. 613-29. Print. "Organs of the Lymphatic System." Welcome to Hillfield Strathallan College. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. <http://www.hsc.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/circulation/lymphsys.html>. "The Immune System." Rapid Learning Center. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. <http://www.rapidlearningcenter.com/biology/high-school-biology/The-Immune-System.html>.