"Een nieuwe blik op sterrenkunde" "Panoramische camera's en het Astro-Wise systeem" Gijs Verdoes Kleijn Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen

Human vision: data load Eye: –resolution ~5/60deg –Field of view 90^2deg –2x2 pixel sampling per resolution element –Pixels: 2160^2 –Dynamic range: 1e3-1e5: 2^16 –One image ~9Mbyte –One image/sec for 70years: 18Pbyte –Costs 18Pbyte (0.33euro/Gbyte)~ 6million euro Brain does something smart…….

Astronomical vision: data load Camera on telescope: –Resolution through atmosphere ~1/3600deg (atmospheric blurring) –Whole sky: 41e3 deg^2 –2x2 pixel sampling per resolution –Pixels: ~(1.5e6)^2 –Dynamic range: 2^16 –One image full sky: 4Tbyte –One full sky/sec for 70years: 8.4e6 Pbyte (was 18Pbyte for eye) –Further data increasing ’ factors: HST 1/10 of atmospheric resolution; time-resolution; wavelength resolution –Data decreasing factor: depending on depth of exposure: lots of dark area Something smart to deal with large datasets is crucial!

The history of the Universe The big questions (according to me) Dark matter/energy: (In what form/Where) is ~90% of the matter? What is dark energy? Structure formation: how do objects exactly form? Structure Galaxy Clusters Galaxies Black holes Stars Planetary systems Cooling Expansion + Gravity Collapse

Astronomical science which uses large-area imaging because it is Needle in the hay-stack objects Subtle effects requiring large number statistics Galaxy clustersPlanetsSupernova Quasars & Gamma Ray Bursts Asteroids Lensing

The OmegaCAM panoramic camera 16k x 16k mosaic of 32 CCDS: –Each CCD 2k x4k Field of view: 1deg^2 pixel size 0.21 arcsec / 15μm. 330 to 1000 nm Starting operations end 2006 USM Padova 1deg HST

VLT Survey Telescope (VST) at Paranal, Chile Artist’s impression Very Large Telescope (VLT) VLT Survey Telescope (VST)

OmegaCAM vision: data load Vast amount of data Single image 550 Mbyte (~200 screens for full resolution) Sole instrument: OmegaCAM observes equivalent of Southern sky in ~3 years (30 min exp, 300 nights/year) Many filters & science programs Of order 10 Tbyte of raw data/year with time-varying atmosphere, instrument & telescope performance Vast amount of data Single image 550 Mbyte (~200 screens for full resolution) Sole instrument: OmegaCAM observes equivalent of Southern sky in ~3 years (30 min exp, 300 nights/year) Many filters & science programs Of order 10 Tbyte of raw data/year with time-varying atmosphere, instrument & telescope performance

Panoramic image processing and analysis: the classical way Image cleaning of instrumental effects –examples: varying pixel sensitivities; cosmic rays; image distorsions; correction for extinction of light (in atmosphere and instrument) Derivation of astronomical parameters –examples: size galaxy, color star, brightness supernova Analysis of results –Comparison to theory; statistics Image cleaning of instrumental effects –examples: varying pixel sensitivities; cosmic rays; image distorsions; correction for extinction of light (in atmosphere and instrument) Derivation of astronomical parameters –examples: size galaxy, color star, brightness supernova Analysis of results –Comparison to theory; statistics

Panoramic image processing and analysis: the Astro-Wise way Image cleaning of instrumental effects –examples: varying pixel sensitivities; cosmic rays; image distorsions; correction for extinction of light (in atmosphere and instrument) Derivation of astronomical parameters –examples: size galaxy, color star, brightness supernova Analysis of results –Comparison to theory; use statistics Image cleaning of instrumental effects –examples: varying pixel sensitivities; cosmic rays; image distorsions; correction for extinction of light (in atmosphere and instrument) Derivation of astronomical parameters –examples: size galaxy, color star, brightness supernova Analysis of results –Comparison to theory; use statistics Database

The architecture of the Astro-Wise system Parallel Computing Database All OmegaCam images

Astro-Wise is on-line: you can use it whenever there is internet

An test-case of Astro-Wise system use Asteroids

10000 Ecliptic~plane in which planets move

Observations

Asteroids on images Cross-correlating >3e5 known asteroids with images: –Code: PyEphem+Astro-Wise –(~1day on Linux box) Analysis is student project

To take advantage of state-of-the-art technology to better understand how the Universe came about and evolved you need a team of : 1deg HST -experts

To take advantage of state-of-the-art technology to better understand how the Universe came about and evolved you need a team of : 1deg HST -experts OmegaCEN at the Kapteyn Astronomical Institute OmegaCEN director: professor Edwin Valentijn

Contacts for more info: Astro-Wise, OmegaCEN –Gijs Verdoes Kleijn Astronomy at RUG in general: –Student advisor: Leon Koopmans –Education advisor: Greta de Vries