1. Astronomy Science combining all sciences

2. What is the Science of Astronomy? Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe

3. Subfield of astronomy for specific astronomical objects Solar astronomy Solar astronomy Planetary science Planetary science Stellar astronomy (Star formation ) Stellar astronomy (Star formation ) Galactic astronomy Galactic astronomy Extragalactic astronomy Extragalactic astronomy Cosmology (the study of the universe as a whole) Cosmology (the study of the universe as a whole)

4. Tools of Astronomy Telescopes Optical Telescopes Nonoptical Telescopes

5. Optical Telescopes Optical telescopes are the most used, and they are of several kinds: Optical telescopes are the most used, and they are of several kinds: Reflecting Telescopes. Reflecting Telescopes. Refracting Telescopes. Refracting Telescopes. Non-optical telescopes: Radio telescopes. Radio telescopes. Infrared Telescopes. Infrared Telescopes. X-ray Telescopes. X-ray Telescopes. Gamma ray Telescopes. Gamma ray Telescopes.

6. Comparing between Reflecting Telescope and Refracting Telescope Comparing between Reflecting Telescope and Refracting Telescope

7. Very large reflecting telescopes: Very large reflecting telescopes: Optical Telescopes in space. (The Hubble Telescope) Optical Telescopes in space. (The Hubble Telescope)

8. Radio Telescope: Radio telescope is an astronomical instrument consisting of a radio receiver and an antenna system that is used to detect radio- frequency radiation emitted by extraterrestrial sources. Because radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, radio telescopes must be very large in order to attain the resolution of optical telescopes. Radio Telescope: Radio telescope is an astronomical instrument consisting of a radio receiver and an antenna system that is used to detect radio- frequency radiation emitted by extraterrestrial sources. Because radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, radio telescopes must be very large in order to attain the resolution of optical telescopes.

9. Connecting radio telescopes

10. Comparing images from different tools

11. Why Do Stars Twinkle? Why Do Stars Twinkle?  The scientific name for the twinkling of stars is stellar scintillation (or astronomical scintillation) Stars twinkle when we observe them from the Earth's surface  Stars closer to the horizon appear to twinkle more than stars that are overhead are overhead

12.  While traveling through the Earth's atmosphere, the light of the star is bent (refracted) many times in random directions by changes in atmospheric density (like a pocket of cold air or hot air) and this random refraction results in the star winking out  Planets usually do not twinkle they are (appear) big enough that this effect is not noticeable (unless when the air is extremely turbulent)

13. Assignment In a table form, compare between Reflecting Telescope and Refracting Telescope, using illustrations as well. In a table form, compare between Reflecting Telescope and Refracting Telescope, using illustrations as well. Notes: Notes: 1- you have to draw yourself using a pencil and a ruler 2- Comparison must include the structure, advantages, and disadvantages of each type