Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life   Section 1 – Nature of Matter.

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Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life   Section 1 – Nature of Matter

Atoms. What is matter made of. 1 Atoms What is matter made of?   1.      Atoms &Definition – Basic Unit of matter   In normal terms – smallest pieces of any material

2.   Elements &Definition – Substance consisting of 1 type of atom   In Normal terms – pure substances (many atoms of the same type) Oxygen,, Copper, anything on the periodic table

3.    Isotopes Definition – An Element that has a number of neutrons different from other atoms.   In Normal terms – An atom with too many neutrons. (Makes it radioactive)

Chemical Bonding. What holds all of this matter together Chemical Bonding What holds all of this matter together?   3 Types of Chemical Bonds

1. Ionic Bonds  Definition- when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.   What is that like? An unequal relationship, where one person takes something from another, but does not give anything back.  

How Strong are they. Not very strong How Strong are they? Not very strong. They are weak enough that they dissolve in water (i.e., salt) See the example of how salt forms on the next page.

Cl Na Sodium Chlorine Chlorine takes an electron from Sodium That creates a weak bond that forms salt. Na Cl - +

2. Covalent Bond   Definition- Where two atoms share electrons What is that like? A mutual relationship where both people give and take.

How Strong are they. Very Strong. Does not dissolve in water (i. e How Strong are they? Very Strong. Does not dissolve in water (i.e., sugar) – Most of your body is made of covalent bonds…you know this because you do not melt. (living things are made of covalent bonds)

Examples of Covent bonds H O H Cl H H Cl Cl

2. Covalent Bond   Definition- Where two atoms share electrons What is that like? A mutual relationship where both people give and take.

2. Covalent Bond   Definition- Where two atoms share electrons What is that like? A mutual relationship where both people give and take.

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