1. Lesson 2.1: Basic Chemistry

2. Atoms: Atoms are the smallest component of an element
The subatomic particles that
make up atoms are:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

3. Parts of an Atom: Protons: positively charged (+) Neutrons: no charge
Both about equal in mass/weight
Together makeup the nucleus,
at the center of the atom

4. Parts of an Atom: Electrons: negatively charged (-)
1/1840 mass of a proton
In constant motion surrounding
the nucleus
Equal # protons & electrons

5. Parts of an Atom: Valence electrons: the outer most electrons
involved with bonding
Equal to the group number the element is in

6. Elements:
Element: a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Atomic number: # of protons
Mass number: # of protons + neutrons

7. Isotopes: Isotope: an element with a different number of neutrons
DO NOT TAKE HOME, THANKS!
Isotopes:
Isotope: an element with a different number of neutrons
How is an element similar to an isotope?
Same # of protons & electrons
How is an element different from an isotope?
Different # of neutrons

8. Chemical Bonds:
Ionic Bond: formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Strongest bonds
Atoms that lose an electron become positively charged; gain an electron become negatively charged
Charged atoms are called ions

9. Chemical Bonds:
Compound: a substance formed by the chemical combination (ionic bonds) of two or more elements
The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed
Na (Sodium) + Cl (Chlorine)  NaCl (Salt)

10. Chemical Bonds:
Covalent Bond: formed when one or more electrons are shared between two atoms
Molecule: formed when 2 or more atoms are joined by covalent bonds
Example: H2O; O2

11. Non-Chemical Bonds:
Mixture: two or more elements or compounds that are physically combined but not chemically combined
Suspensions: material that does not dissolve in a mixture
Example = salt water

12. Non-Chemical Bonds:
Solution: A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
Solute: substance being dissolved (ex. salt)
Solvent: dissolver (ex. water)
Example = Soda