Regulatory Challenges in Assignment of Scarce Resources: International aspects and how these are implemented at regional and national levels Legal Frameworks for ICTs Building Capacity and Implementing Regulation St. Julian’s Malta 05 March 2013 Malcolm Johnson, Director Telecommunication Standardization Bureau International Telecommunication Union

Radio spectrum

Digital Dividend More than a national decision !  The transition from analogue to digital television allows a higher number of services to be provided using much less spectrum. The spectrum “released” by this transition is referred to as the digital dividend  To take the decision on Digital Dividend at the national level, it is important to take measures at the international level:  In order to avoid interference in border areas, agree, at least regionally, on a common allocation to the mobile service as part of the digital dividend  Coordinate frequencies and technical characteristics of national television assignments in the band allocated to broadcasting, to enable transition to digital broadcasting and analog switch-off, hence release of digital dividend spectrum for both mobile and broadcasting. This involves renegotiating the GE-06 Agreement, for those countries which are parties to this agreement.  Harmonize the timing of transition from analogue to digital  Relocate incumbent services other than broadcasting to other frequency bands.

Good news from WRC MHz: sharing problems resolved 700 MHz: allocation to mobile service globally available from 2015 Additional spectrum: to be considered by WRC-15 Mobile broadband/IMT spectrum

Impact of WRC-12 decisions WRC-12 opens the way for worldwide harmonization of both the 700 MHz band 800 MHz band 900 MHz band The three bands are now allocated and identified for IMT in all three Regions. This offers a unique opportunity to achieve worldwide harmonization of premium spectrum for mobile broadband, whilst resolving the legacy problems arising from long standing differences in channeling arrangements between regions

IP Addresses

IP Address Internet Number Resource Report

Status of IPv4 Address  Status of whole IPv4 Address Space  IANA’s free IPv4 address pool exhausted at Feb 2011  Available IPv4 /8s in each RIR as of 31 Jan 2013  APNIC reached its last /8 of free IPv4 at Apr 2011  RIPE-NCC reached its last /8 at Sept 2012 Internet Number Resource Report

Status of IPv6 Address  IPv6 Address Space  IANA has started IPv6 allocation from Jan 1999  5 /12s = 0.1% of total IPv6 space  RIR IPv6 Allocations (Jan Dec 2012, in terms of /32s)  /32s = ~0.2% of the RIR IPv6 space (5 /12s) Internet Number Resource Report

IPv6 Deployment Statistics  Source: (27 Feb 2013)  1 st Slovenia - 38% of its websites tested is accessible in IPv6  5 th U.S – 20% (same as March 2012)  Source: US NIST IPv6 and DNSSEC Statistics (27 Feb 2013)US NIST IPv6 and DNSSEC Statistics  IPv6 to IPv4 ratio of US industry : 10% for DNS, 3% for and 2% web services Internet Number Resource Report

Numbering

 Preventing misuse/hijacking of numbering resources  According to GSMA, numbering resource misuse is a key factor in fraud perpetrated against mobile networks and their customers  It is used for fraudulent and artificial inflation of traffic  Combating fraud  Transmission of calling party identification/origin identification  Both addressed in 2012 ITRs New ITRs: Misuse and Fraud

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