Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics

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Presentation transcript:

Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics

alkane + halogen  haloalkane +hydrogen halide ALKANES Combustion (Extreme Oxidation) Alkane + O2  CO2 + H2O Incomplete combustion Alkane + O2  CO + H2 O Substitution (with halides) alkane + halogen  haloalkane +hydrogen halide CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl CH3Cl + Cl2  CH2Cl2 + HCl

ALKENES 1. Addition Reactions (breaking of the double bond) A) Halogenation (adding halides) alkene + halogen haloalkane B) Hydrogenation (adding hydrogen) alkene + hydrogen alkane CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3CH3

C) Hydrohalogenation (adding hydrogen halides) alkene + hydrogen halide haloalkane D) Hydration (adding water) alkene + water alcohol Hydrohalogenation and hydration follow Markovnikov’s Rule which states that the hydrogen is added to the carbon with the most hydrogen atoms originally bonded to it.

*Polymerization will be addressed in section 2.3 2. Combustion (extreme oxidation) Alkene + O2  CO2 + H2O 3. Polymerization (forming long chains from small subunits) *Polymerization will be addressed in section 2.3

ALKYNES 1. Addition Reactions (breaking of the multiple bond) A) Halogenation (adding halides) alkyne + 2 halogens haloalkane alkyne + 1 halogen haloalkene

B) Hydrogenation (adding hydrogen) alkyne + 2 hydrogen alkane

C) Hydrohalogenation (adding hydrogen halides) alkyne + 2 hydrogen halides haloalkane

Reactions of Aromatics 1. Substitution A) With Halogens benzene + halogen halobenzene + hydrogen halide

2. With Alkyl Halides ( not mentioned in textbook) benzene + alkyl halide alkyl benzene + hydrogen halide 3. With Nitric Acid ( not mentioned in textbook) benzene + nitric acid nitrobenzene + water