A Comparison of Turkish Mehter Music and W.A. Mozart

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A Comparison of Turkish Mehter Music and W.A. Mozart Presentation by Matt Craven

Turkish music Folk music specific to janissary bands and Turkish troubadours Jannisary bands were a fad in Europe for a time, they had zil, davul, kos, zurna Other folk music dominated by the saz, a type of long-necked lute Also used are the ney and kanun Employ makams, a type of scale system Known to have irregular meters, such as 5/8, 7/8, 8/8, 7/4, 8/4

Makams Combination of tetrachords and pentachords Rules of melodic progression Three types of makams Simple, Transposed, Compound Three types of progression, seyir Ascending, Descending, Ascending-Descending

Janissary bands Called “mehter” by the Turks First military bands of modern style Incorporated zurna, davul, boru, nakkare, zil, and kos Melodies are monophonic Incisive timbre Shifts in modes Many repeated sections Several subdivisions of basic pulse Fast, ornamental patterns

Janissary bands Symbol of the Ottoman Turks Used to define social status Cagana or cevgen used as a ceremonial instrument Influenced two music styles in western music Predecessor of first marching bands

http://www. turkishculture. org/pages. php http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?ChildID=&ParentID=7&ID=86&ChildID1=487&miMore=1#PageContent

W. A. Mozart (1756-1791) Born January 27 Started playing keyboard at 3, composing at 5 1764, wrote first 3 symphonies 1768 wrote first opera 1777 concertmaster of archbishop of Salzburg, fell in love with Aloysia Weber 1781 moved to Vienna 1782 married Constanze Weber, wrote Abduction from Seraglio 1786 Marriage of Figaro 1787 became composer of Imperial and Royal Chamber, his father died 1791 composed music for Vienna court began to feel ill in Prague Dec 5, 1791 died of rheumatic fever

Mozart’s Music After he played for Empress of Austria at 6, his father devoted himself to Mozart’s education Some influences were JS Bach; Sammartini, an early composer of symphonies Foremost influence was Franz Josef Haydn, Mozart dedicated a set of six string quartets to him Famous Works Early (1761-1772): La finta simplice; Bastien und Batienne; Mitridate, re di Ponto Middle(1772-1781): Missa in C Late(1781-1791): Idomeneo re di Creta; The Abduction from Seraglio; The Marriage of Figaro; Don Giovanni; Cosi fan tutte; La Clemenza de Tito; The Magic Flute; Requiem

Piano Sonata No. 11 3 movement Sonata, probably written around 1783 1st movement, 6 variations on a theme. 2nd movement, minuet Last movement called Alla Turca (Turkish Rondo) Allegretto in A minor

Melodies are monophonic Incisive timbre Shifts in modes Many, repeated sections Several subdivisions of basic pulse Fast, ornamental patterns

Works Cited http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MOZ/mozart-01.jpg mappery.com/maps/Turkey-Country-Map.mediumthumb.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mappery.com/map-name/Turkey-Country-Map&usg=__ILENK3XgsD3LuWAGQbo6AL2LBXM=&h=399&w=600&sz=95&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=UuI0KSv0MxF_LM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dturkey%2Bcountry%2Bpictures%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:*%26um%3D1 http://thinkgeoenergy.com/archives/1717 http://www.kulsan.org/kulsan/gb/music/groups http://www.peterpringle.com/kanun.html http://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/demographics_profile.html http://www.incirlik.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5471 http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html http://www.izmirorg.com.tr/images/big/mehter-icin-cevgen.jpg http://yazarlikyazilimi.meb.gov.tr/Materyal/mardin/grup2/muzikaletleri/resimler/davul.jpg http://www.uzmanportal.com/wp-content/dosyalarim/2009/06/mehter5.jpg http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?ChildID=&ParentID=7&ID=86&ChildID1=487&miMore=1#PageContent http://www.peterpringle.com/pppix/kanun1.jpeg http://www.ente.at/images/head/mozart_1.jpg http://dosostenidomenor.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/mozart.jpg http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MOZ/mozart-01.jpg

Works cited http://www.worldturkey.com/tourisminfo/oludd.jpg http://www.applesaucekids.com/Music/GenMusic/RondoAllaTurca-let.pdf http://www.its.caltech.edu/~tan/Mozartreq/main.html http://www.mideastweb.org/culture/ney.jpg http://img2.blogcu.com/images/y/a/g/yagmurve/1231557839zurna.jpg http://everynote.com/goods.pic/Moz_RonAlTurca.gif http://cnx.org/content/m15861/latest/