Pick up 2 file folders + headings from demo table Get 2 microscopes per group

Mini-Poster Symposium

Peppered moth evolution gene pool variation phenotype differential reporduction survival advantage environment allele

Game http://www.techapps.net/interactives/pepperMoths.swf

Cockroach population Evolving? Pick up a whiteboard and marker. Split it in half Draw up a population of cockroaches. 5 dotted, 5 clear. D is the dotted allele and a is the clear allele. On one half put all the cockroaches. Next to each cockroach put the genotype: AA, Aa or aa. THESE ARE INDIVIDUALS. Yell checkpoint On the other side label gene pool just put alleles individually. THESE ARE ALLELE FREQUENCIES How many A? Total A/Total How many a? Total a/Total

What do these symbols mean? p2 q2 2pq p q

Using Hardy-Weinberg equation population: 100 cats 84 black, 16 white How many of each genotype? q2 (bb): 16/100 = .16 q (b): √.16 = 0.4 p (B): 1 - 0.4 = 0.6 p2=.36 2pq=.48 q2=.16 BB Bb bb What are the genotype frequencies? Must assume population is in H-W equilibrium! 8

Hardy-Weinberg Equation p=frequency of one allele (A); q=frequency of the other allele (a); p+q=1.0 (p=1-q & q=1-p) p2=frequency of AA genotype; 2pq=frequency of Aa genotype; q2=frequency of aa genotype; frequencies of all individuals must add to 1 (100%), so: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 G.H. Hardy mathematician W. Weinberg physician

Hardy Problem Calculate q2 Count the individuals that are homozygous recessive in the illustration above. Black is recessive to pink. Calculate the percent of the total population they represent. This is q2. Calculate q Q2=4/16=0.25 q=0.5 p + q = l. You know q, so what is p, the frequency of the dominant allele? P=0.5 Find 2pq 2pq = 2(0.5) (0.5) = 0.5 , so 50% of the population is heterozygous.

Video on Hardy-Weinberg Bozemanscience Video on Hardy-Weinberg

Hardy-Weinberg=NO EVOLUTION To see what forces lead to evolutionary change, we must examine the circumstances in which the Hardy-Weinberg law may fail to apply. There are five: mutation gene flow genetic drift nonrandom mating natural selection

5 Agents of evolutionary change Gene Flow Non-random mating Genetic Drift Selection Mutation 13

Problem 1 In a certain population of 1000 fruit flies, 640 have red eyes while the remainder have sepia eyes. The sepia eye trait is recessive to red eyes. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous for red eye color? Hint: The first step is always to calculate q2! Start by determining the number of fruit flies that are homozygous recessive. If you need help doing the calculation, look back at the Hardy-Weinberg equation.

Solve the problem below

5 Agents of evolutionary change Gene Flow Non-random mating Genetic Drift Selection Mutation 16

Problem 2 The Hardy-Weinberg equation is useful for predicting the percent of a human population that may be heterozygous carriers of recessive alleles for certain genetic diseases. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a human metabolic disorder that results in mental retardation if it is untreated in infancy. In the United States, one out of approximately 10,000 babies is born with the disorder. Approximately what percent of the population are heterozygous carriers of the recessive PKU allele?

Natural selection NOT in Hardy-Weinberg Fitness: contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation 3 types: A. Directional B. Diversifying C. Stabilizing