PERIODIC TABLE FAMILIES The Periodic Table (PT) is a way of organizing information about elements & atomic structure Groups and families in the PT help us predict properties of elements and how they will behave

GROUPS Elements that react similarly are in the same column called a group All elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons Groups are named by numbers Groups that react similarly are called families

FAMILIES Groups that react similarly are called families Families may be one column, or several columns put together Families have names instead of numbers

FAMILIES EIGHT FAMILIES! Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transitions Metals (includes Lanthanide & Actinide series) Other Metals Metalloids Nonmetals Halogens Noble Gases EIGHT FAMILIES!

ALKALI METALS Group 1 (except H) 1 valence electron Very reactive metals, Always combined with another element in nature (like salt) Lowest ionization energy 2nd lowest electronegativity

ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 valence electrons Reactive metals Always combined with nonmetals in nature. Several are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca) 2nd lowest ionization energy 3rd lowest electronegativity

TRANSITION METALS Groups 3 - 12 2-7 valence electrons less reactive, harder, malleable good conductors of electricity Average ionization energy Average electronegativity

TRANSITION METALS: LANTHANIDES & ACTINIDES 1-2 Valence electrons Lanthanide all can be found in nature; only 1 radioactive Actinide all radioactive & only 90-92 occur naturally (others all “man-made”)

OTHER METALS 3, 4, or 5 Valence electrons Softer; lower boiling point than transition metals; 4th highest ionization energy 3rd highest electronegativity

METALLOIDS (SEIMICONDUCTORS) 3,4,5,or 6 Valence electrons Acts like metal around non-metals; acts like non-metal around metals Has some, but not all the CHEMICAL properties of a metal Used for computer chips & solar panels

NONMETALS 1, 4, 5, or 6 valence electrons Brittle; Poor conductors of electricity Common element in human body Necessary for life!! 3rd highest ionization energy 2nd highest electronegativity

HALOGENS Group 17 7 valence electrons Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals Always found combined with another element in nature Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth 2nd highest ionization energy Highest electronegativity MOST ARE POISONOUS

NOBLE/INERT GASES Group 18 8 valence electrons full valence energy levels make them VERY unreactive (inert), monatomic gases Used in lighted “neon” signs and in blimps Highest ionization energy Lowest electronegativity