MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อการจัดการ ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อการบริหาร การบริหารเชิงระบบข้อมูล What is Management Information Systems ? M-I-S MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Definition of Management Information System IS:- ระบบสารสนเทส เพื่อ การจัดการ (บรรยาย อธิบาย พยากรณ์ และควบคุม) For providing information พึ่งพาทรัพย์สินทางปัญญาสารสนเทศ ค้นหาจากระบบธรรมชาติสิ่งแวดล้อม REAL SECTOR/ ANALOG Integrated man-machine system พึ่งพาอัตโนมัติ ให้กับ คน และ ธรรมชาติสิ่งแวดล้อม อยู่รอด ยั่งยืน  ICT SECTOR/ DIGITAL To support operations, management, analysis and decision making functions of an organization (All of Activities and Functions of Information Processors) แก้ไขปัญหาของคนด้วยปัญญาเทียม/ ปัญญาประดิษฐ  VIRTUAL SECTOR/ WORLD MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 MIS is Integrated man-machine system MAN is People Ware/ PW :- Computer Man/ Technician:- CIO, System Analyst, System Engineer, System Programmer, Data Admin / ADMIN, Operators, Data Entry Operator etc; Users:- EP, EVP, CEO, CCO, CFO, Computing User, USER, Client/ Customer, Executive, BOSS etc; MACHINE is ICT/ IT/ ECTI/ E/ Computer/ NETWORK/ Technology INFRASTRUCTURE of HARDWARE/ HW and SOFTWARE/ SW SYSTEMS Integrated is KNOW-HOW/ Explicit Knowledge and KNOW-WHY/ TACIT Knowledge inter-disciplinary/ SOCIO-cultural INNOVATION/ SOCIO Technology/ APPLICAIONS (METAPHYSICS/ ONTOLOGY/ EPISTERMOLOGY) MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 MIS For providing information Types of Information Impact/ Feed Back from Activities and Functions of Information Processors Based on Activities VS. DSS:- Structured, Unstructured, Semi-structured:- SISP. MIS, TPS Based on Functions VS. GDSS:- Both Front Office and Back Office:- Production, Marketing, Trading, Service, Consumption, Financial Based on Internal Information VS. ERP, External Information VS. SCM, CRM, DCM Information sub_systems:- TPS, EDPS, OAS, MIS, EIS. ES MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 MIS To support operations, management, analysis and decision making functions In an organization (All of Activities and Fuctions of Information Processors) Target Gropus Shareholders/ Stock Holders Stakeholders Activities of Target Groups Strategy/ Top Management:- SISP Tactical/ Management/ Middle Management:- MIS/ Information Center, KB Center Operating Management:- Network Centric Operation/ NCO Function/ All of Applications:- Interdisciplinary MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Foundations of Information Systems in Business 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Learning Objectives Explain why knowledge of information systems is important for business professionals and identify five key areas of information systems knowledge. Give examples to illustrate how the business applications of information systems can support a firm’s business processes, managerial decision making, and strategies for competitive advantage. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Learning Objectives (Continued) 1 Learning Objectives (Continued) Provide examples of the components of real world information systems. Provide examples of several major types of information systems. Identify several challenges that a business manager might face in managing the successful and ethical development and use of information technology in a business. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Information Systems Framework 1 Information Systems Framework MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Information Systems Concepts (Continued) 1 Information Systems Concepts (Continued) Foundation Concepts Fundamental concepts about the components and roles of information systems. Information Technologies Major concepts, developments, and management issues in information technology. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Information Systems Concepts (Continued) 1 Information Systems Concepts (Continued) Business Applications The major uses of information systems for operations, management, and competitive advantage. Development Processes How business professionals and information specialists plan, develop, and implement information systems. Management Challenges The challenge of managing ethically and effectively. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 What IS a system? A group of interrelated or interacting elements forming a unified whole, OR A group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process (dynamic system). Three basic interacting components: Input Processing (transformation process) Output MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Add Feedback and Control Loops.. 1 Add Feedback and Control Loops.. And the system, now called a cybernetic system, becomes even more useful. Self-monitoring Self-regulating MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Other System Characteristics 1 Other System Characteristics A system exists and functions in an environment containing other systems. Subsystem – a component of a larger system. Systems that share the same environment may be connected to one another through a shared boundary, or interface. Open versus closed system. Adaptive system MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Components of an INFORMATION System 1 Components of an INFORMATION System MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Components of an Information System (Continued) 1 Components of an Information System (Continued) People Resources End Users IS Specialists Hardware Resources Computer systems Peripherals Software Resources System software Application software Procedures MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Components of an Information System (Continued) 1 Components of an Information System (Continued) Data Resources Data versus Information Network Resources Communication media Network support MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Data Versus Information 1 Data Versus Information West Charles Mann 1200 100 79154 TM Shoes Monthly Sales Report for West Region Sales Rep: Charles Mann Emp No. 79154 Item Qty Sold Price TM Shoes 1200 $100 MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Attributes of Information Quality 1 Attributes of Information Quality MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Logical Data Elements Name Field Payroll Record File Personnel Database MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Information Products Focus is on the end-user. They are the result of IS activities… Input Processing Output Storage Control MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Section II 1 Foundation Concepts: Business Applications, Development, and Management MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Business Processes and Operations Major Roles of IS 1 Support Competitive Advantage Business Decision Making Support of Business Processes and Operations MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Major Roles of IS (continued) 1 Major Roles of IS (continued) Support Business Processes Support Decision Making Support Competitive Advantage MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

The Present and the Future 1 The Present and the Future E-Business The use of Internet technologies to internet work and empower… Business processes Electronic commerce, and Enterprise communication & collaboration Within a company & with its customers, suppliers, & other business stakeholders. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

IS in the E-Business Enterprise 1 IS in the E-Business Enterprise Every business competes globally (whether they realize it or not) IS supports business operations through the use of: Intranets Extranets Internet Other information technologies MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

IS in the E-Business Enterprise (continued) 1 IS in the E-Business Enterprise (continued) Enterprise Collaboration Systems Support communication, coordination, & collaboration. Virtual teams Electronic Commerce Buying & selling, and marketing & servicing of products, services, & information. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Trends in Information Systems 1 Trends in Information Systems MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Types of Information Systems Orasa T. 1 Types of Information Systems Operations Support Systems Transaction processing systems Batch – transaction data accumulate over time, processed periodically. Real-time – data processed immediately after a transaction occurs. Process Control Systems – monitor & control physical processes. Enterprise Collaboration Systems MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Types of Information Systems (continued) Orasa T. 1 Types of Information Systems (continued) Management Support Systems Management Information Systems – pre-specified reports & displays to support decision-making. Decision Support Systems – provide interactive ad hoc support. Executive Information Systems – critical information tailored to the information needs of executives. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Types of Information Systems (continued) 1 Types of Information Systems (continued) Other Classifications Expert systems – expert advice Knowledge management systems – support the creation, organization, & dissemination of business knowledge Functional business systems – support the basic business functions Strategic information systems – strategic advantage MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Developing IS Solutions to Business Challenges 1 Developing IS Solutions to Business Challenges MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Ethical Challenges Just because we can, should we? Where do we draw the line between customer privacy and collecting business information? Do we owe it to society to use this technology wisely and responsibly? Why? Isn’t our job to make a profit? MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

In Summary, the IS Function… 1 In Summary, the IS Function… Is a major functional area of business. Is an important contributor to operational efficiency, employee productivity and morale, and customer service & satisfaction. Is a major source of information and support for decision making. Provides a strategic advantage in developing competitive products & services. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Discussion Questions How can information technology support a company’s business processes and decision making, and give it a competitive advantage? How does the use of the Internet, intranets, and extranets by an e-business enterprise support their e-commerce activities? Why do big companies still fail in their use of information technology? What should they be doing differently? MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Discussion Questions (continued) 1 Discussion Questions (continued) How can a manager demonstrate that he or she is a responsible end user of information systems? What are some of the toughest management challenges in developing IT solutions to solve business problems and meet new e-business opportunities? Why are there so many conceptual classifications of information systems? Why are they typically integrated in information systems found in the real world? MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Discussion Questions (continued) 1 Discussion Questions (continued) In what major ways have the roles of information systems applications in business expanded during the last 40 years? What is one major change you think will happen in the next 10 years? Can the business use of Internet technologies help a company gain a competitive advantage? MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 References James A. O'Brien; George M. Marakas. Management Information Systems: Managing Information Technology in the Business Enterprise 6th Ed., Boston: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin,2004 MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Information Systems Information Systems are becoming the foundation of business models and processes They allow for the distribution of knowledge Business process examples: Developing a new product, Generating and fulfilling an order, Hiring staff. Distribution of knowledge – example of UniS Intranet. Contains information for staff and students, library services, research applications, job vacancies. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 IT and IS What is Information Technology? Any form of technology used by people to handle information. What are Information Systems? Integrated components processing, storing and disseminating information in an organisation. Interdisciplinary study of systems that provide information to users in organisations. Information Systems: interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization Information Technology: the foundation upon which IS are built. Pyle, I.C. & Illingworth, V. (Eds) (1996). Oxford Dictionary of Computing, 4th Edition. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Information and Data Information Clusters of facts meaningful and useful to human beings in processes such as making decisions Data Streams of raw facts representing events such as business transactions – meaningless without structure For example, think of data as a set of marks given for an exam, whereas information is how these marks are turned in a degree. This could be further explored with how a set of degree marks (data) can be used to determine the total number of people gaining a 1st class. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Experiences of IT and IS Examples of IT Hardware (PC, UNIX server) Software (e-mail, Internet, Windows, Word) Consumer devices (mobiles, train times) Examples of IS File systems, databases, e-mail servers / clients e-commerce SAP, student records IT infrastructure is the foundation upon which IS are built. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Management Information Systems MIS The study of information systems focusing on their use in business and management. Approaches Technical Behavioural Sociotechnical Traditionally MIS was concerned with managers. Now covers business / organisations in a broader sense. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Approaches to IS SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY COMPUTER SCIENCE OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL APPROACHES MIS BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES MIS is the multi-disciplinary study of how IS can be used in business and management. This involves both technical and behavioural approaches. Laudon & Laudon text focuses on sociotechnical approach – the combination of both. The premise is that for businesses to prosper, that there is increasing reliance on IS. IS involve implementing business rules and Standard Operating Procedures, etc. Businesses must also adapt to IS – they should review the organisational structure and adapt rules with IS in mind. SOCIOTECHNICAL MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Why is IS Important? For an organisation to survive and prosper More locations (networking, Internet) New products and services Improve jobs and work flows: Efficiency Cost Ethical and social issues The emergence of the Internet is providing new business models, such as e-business and e-commerce. Furthermore, this trend is increasing, especially with the Grid initiatives. For example, buterfly.net – online gaming, to a greater extent than already exists. Such global IT infrastructure is eliminating technical, geographic and cost carriers for global organisations. Future developments include the Access Grid, in which global collaborations are facilitated. Some organisations are solely based on IS. For example e-commerce web sites. More traditional examples include companies that have adopted IS to run their business, such as IBM. Digital links include e-commerce, e-business and business-to-business (b2b). MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Why is IS Important? Worldwide changes: Global economy Knowledge- or information-based society Business enterprise Digital firm MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Global Economy Growing percentage of economy relies upon import and export Need to operate globally IS can provide global trading infrastructure MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Information Economy 70% 60% % SERVICE 50% % WHITE COLLAR 40% % BLUE COLLAR 30% % FARMING 20% 10% 0% 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1997 YEAR MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Changes to Society Change of employment profiles: Less farming Less ‘blue collar’ – manufacturing Increased service Increased ‘white collar’ – office-based USA: 55% of work force are in knowledge- or information-based activities Shift of manufacture to low-wage countries MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Business Enterprise Change from hierarchical organisations Now flat, decentralised Relies on instant information Flexibility with customer focus, with increasing importance Hierarchical business organisations had people in specific roles working to specific Standard Operating Procedures. In order to be flexible and competitive, businesses now have more flattened structures where people have more general roles, relying on the access to (near) instant information to fulfil the role they are performing at any given time. For example, a task force set up to produce a proposal for work, learning about the opportunity and targeting the customer’s needs. For example, such flatter organisations have been implemented by AT&T, IBM and General Motors, removing approximately 30000 middle managers. This, of course, brings in ethical considerations. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Digital Firm An organisation where: Nearly all relationships with customers, suppliers and employees is digital Business processes accomplished through digital networks Flexible Dependent upon on IT Provision of information / assets on a digital network and allowing workflow to be re-organised and management information available (almost) instantly. Such communication can also include inter-organisation networks (Extranets). CISCO provides an example of this approach and are close to being a ‘digital firm’. “Window on Organisations – CISCO Systems: A Digital Firm in the Making” p7. UniS has many legacy practices, a very hierarchical structure, but still employs some of these digital ideas to improve efficiency. Other examples include the implementation of mass customisation – how mass produced products can be customised (tailored for a specific customer) without incurring significant extra cost or implementation. For example, Levi’s custom jeans, tailored via computers in a shop, or the way in which CDs can be put together with specific tracks in a shop. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Course Objectives Provide an understanding of IS and underlying IT Impact on organisations of IS Implementation and management of IS IS and global organisations Provide awareness of IS in your role as a professional MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Course Content Information Systems in an Organisation Information Systems, Organisations, Management and Strategy Enhancing Management Decision Making Managing Data and Information Redesigning the Organisation with Information Systems and Managing Change MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Course Content Electronic Commerce and the Internet Information Systems Security and Control Managing International Information Systems Managing Assets MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Tutorials Three case studies over semester Information systems, organisations and decision support Changing organisations International organisations and the Internet MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Assessment One piece of individual course-work 40% of module Case study report Set in week 1 Due beginning week 12 (Monday by 5:00pm) Exam 60% of module MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Text Book Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey (2004). Management Information Systems for the Information Age, 4th Edition. McGraw Hill. Turban, McLean, Wetherbe (1999). Information Technology for Management, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Laudon, K.C. & Laudon, J.P. (2002). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, 7th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International, Inc. MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010 Topics Topic Introduction 1 Information Systems in an Organisation 2, 11.1 Information Systems, Organisations, Management and Strategy 3 Enhancing Management Decision Making 13 Managing Data and Information 7, 12 Redesigning the Organisation with Information Systems and Managing Change 10, 11.2/3 Electronic Commerce and the Internet 4, 8, 9 Information Systems Security and Control 14 Managing International Information Systems 16 Managing Assets 5, 6 MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010

Planning a New Internet Business Case Study Planning a New Internet Business MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010