Getting the full picture ! Using different sources to get information Asstt. Librarian SKUAST of Jammu

USING THE INTERNET The usage of the Internet requires : 1.Preparing a set of keywords 2.Choosing a search tool 3.Evaluating sites and information

1. Preparing a set of keywords Analyse your topic to find keywords –The major difference between a search in a catalogue and a search on the Internet is that Internet requests are made with natural language keywords

2. Choosing a search tool On the Internet, there are different tools to find information : General tools, that allow a broad search, such as Search engines (e.g. Google, Yahoo) Specialised tools, that allow a narrower search: –Specialised search engines (e.g. Google Scholar) –Subject gateways

Search Engine Characteristics of a search engine: –You make requests by typing words and/or keywords for precise searches –The engine returns answers when you make the request : dynamic search and dynamic answers

Function of search engine How does a search engine function ? –A web crawler visits the world wide web at regular times –It captures all the sites it finds –The pages of these sites are indexed (more than 20 billion pages for Google)

How does a search engine gather and present return results? A few questions The example of GOOGLE : Is the capture of a site linked to the payment of a fee ? No Are sponsored links differentiated from other links ? Yes In what order do results appear on the screen ? They appear by order of popularity … Is the position of a link among return results linked to the payment of a fee ? No, but there can be commercial links between search engines and companies. Results can be biased.

Google : Basic Search

Google functionalities : Basic Search Type a keyword or several keywords using the Boolean Strategy Remember that Google does not take into account capital/small letters, singular/plural, accents To enter an expression put it in quotes e.g. « expression »

Google : Advanced Search Limiters

Google functionalities : Advanced Search and functions Advanced search : –Keywords to type in fields –Limiters : language, file formats (pdf, html …), domains (.org,.edu,com …) Specific functions : –Similar pages –Cached pages

More options to display the results of your search : -Narrowing search to sites indexed at a particular time or a particular range of dates -Showing fewer or more commercial links -Choosing your sources : forums, blogs, videos, reviews -Displaying related searches in different modes (by year, as a diagram …) -Something different: suggestions of expressions or words related to the words you typed

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3. Evaluating sites and information Criteria to apply to references returned by search engines : are they relevant ? 1. Authority / Reliability Are the editor and contributors of the site qualified ? First checks can be made by watching the URL and the domain : –Is there the name of an institution (ministry, University, reasearch organisation …), of a research center, of any producer of official information within ? In this case, the information is reliable

The domain gives indications about the origin of the site :.com,.edu,.org,.ac.in … Always look for the names and qualifications of the contributors 2. Currency Is the information dated ? Is it updated ? Find when the page which contains the information has last been updated

3. Relevance to your topic Does it give you the information you are looking for ?

Different types of sources on the Internet (1) Source of informationHow reliable is it ? Commercial databasesYES. Academic data, but NO free access TRIAL. Accessible in your university library (SKUAST of Jammu). Institutional sitesYES. Official sites (ministries, research centers …) containing authorized information. Free access.

Different types of sources on the Internet (2) Source of informationHow reliable is it ? Companies sitesPOSSIBLY. Annual reports and often a sustainable development section can be found Newspapers sitesPOSSIBLY. To get current information Don’t prefer obsolete information. Personal sites, weblogs, social networking sites. CAUTION ! Expression is free on these sites. So ALWAYS check information before using it. Sometimes gives useful links.

A few sites to find information about sustainable development … Academic studies, journal articles on the Internet –An academic search engine: Google Scholar –Open Archive databases: Economists Online (totally open), REPEC (partially open) Institutional sites –Official site : Ministry of Agriculture, Environment, Forestry, NDRI,ICAR. –Academic site : Agora21 Company sites AgroTech …

Google Scholar A specialised search engine, which searches only in academic documents : articles, thesis, preprints, books, technical reports … A useful tool to find BIbliographical references and articles References are ranked according to a combination of the number of citations, the publication, the author, the full text CAUTION : Access to the full text of the document may or may not be free, and sometimes does not exist [citation].

Google Scholar : Basic Search

Google Scholar : Advanced Search keywords

Google Scholar : an example Articles

Economists Online Economists Online presents the academic publications of the researchers of 22 higher education mainly European institutions Contains around references, among them numerous full text documents Presents publication lists for the most eminent researchers of the participating institutions Multilingual search (keywords translated into 4 languages: French, English, German, Spanish)

RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) RePEc is a major bibliographical database of working papers, journal articles dealing with economics, providing links to the full text of of them CAUTION : Access to the full text is not always free It provides also a directory of research centres in economics including Agricultural Economics

RePEc : example of a reference (1) Downloading allowed

RePEc : example of a reference (2) NEP Reports are lists of papers ranked by subject (see the list of available reports), linked to an alert service Citations

RePEc : Link to a citation Here, downloading is linked to a subscription

Company sites Companies often dedicate a section of their site to sustainable development matters e.g. PSA : durable.psa.fr/fr/homepage.phphttp:// durable.psa.fr/fr/homepage.php Danone : durable.html durable.html

Using quotation marks When a phrase is enclosed by double quotation marks, the exact phrase is searched « sustainable development » sustainable development

GreenFILE records, full text records A freely accessible research database focusing on the relationship between human beings, agriculture and the environment Scholarly and general interest titles, as well as government documents and reports Multidisciplinary (agriculture including Veterinary science, education, and technology)

World Bank E Library More than e-books, journal articles and working papers –World Bank publications –Policy Research Working Papers Search by topic : Education, Energy, Environment, Law and development, Poverty reduction, etc.

World Bank Databases By Country By Topic Indicators See : DATABANK

If you are working on OECD countries SourceOECD : OECD iLibrary Publications and datasets released by OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), International Energy Agency (IEA), Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), OECD Development Centre, PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), and International Transport Forum (ITF) since currently (October 2010) journal issues, working papers, multi-lingual summaries, e-book titles, tables and graphs, chapters and articles, and 390 complete databases with more than 4 billion data points.

OECD iLibrary Different content types : BOOKS by theme, annuals & outlooks, series PAPERS : journals by title, working papers STATISTICS : databases, key tables, statistical publications, sources & methods publications FACTBOOKS GLOSSARIES : OECD reference and glossary publications Search by title, abstracts, authors, ISBNs, tables of contents or countries Browse function from a drop-down menu : 17 theme collections, access by country for all the relevant content

IT Plan of SKUAST-J for Agriculture To strengthen IT in Agriculture and creation of Databases & Information Network for Agriculture Sector :- The plan was divided into two schemes by SKUAST

FVSc & AH SKUASTNET Attached, Subordinate, Autonomous, Field Offices State, District & Block Agricultural Research Stations Mail Server Internet Server Database Server Data Ware housing GIS Server Workgroups “Agriculture On-line” APD J & K Govt. SKUAST-J Central Library FOA Admn. Division Finance Div. Directorates

Information Flow from Faculties in SKUAST (SKUASTNET) Proposed Central Databases of SKUAST Census Mach. Marketing Coop. Credit Crops Exten. Fert Hort NDM Plan-Co PPQ PP RFS SWC TMOP IC&Trade APD JK Govt. Faculty databases BoS, AC, BoM, UC (Decision Makers)

AGRISNETARISNET SKUASTNET SKUAST-K Portals AgRIS

Census Mach. Marketing Coop. Credit Crops Exten. Fert Hort DM PPQ PP RFS IRS TMOP States / Uts / Districts ICAR Institutes Resource Information Attached/subordinate offices FARMER Ministry of Agriculture

Using other people’s work Whatever information you use in your work, you MUST : –Mention the source you take it from –Put in quotation marks the sentences you use as such in your work. This citation must be «brief ». Plagiarism can induce penal sanctions,Copyright violations Indian legislation

CONCLUSION All the documentary sources are complementary