Chapters Unit II Review

Case Uses  Nominative - Subject (noun doing the action)  Genitive - Defined by the word ‘of” Defined by the word ‘of” Possession (the noun which possesses) Possession (the noun which possesses) Equus agricolae – the horse of the farmer Partitive – the ‘whole’ from which a part is taken (copia aquae – a supply of water) (copia aquae – a supply of water)  Dative - Indirect Object (noun to or for whom action done) Indirect Object (noun to or for whom action done)  Accusative - Direct Object (receives the action of the verb) Direct Object (receives the action of the verb)  Ablative - Various Uses - Most Prepositions (you know ablative of means) Various Uses - Most Prepositions (you know ablative of means) NOTE – look at page 62 for a discussion of ways to make sense of –ae endings!

Ablative of Means  Used to express the means, or instrument, by which something is done. (How did you move all that loot? By means of carts!)  In English, we almost always use the prepositions by or with to express this, but in Latin it is shown by putting an ablative case ending on the noun (the object of the preposition).  A Preposition is a word showing the relationship between 2 nouns.

VERBS – new information in this unit  The future tense is formed by adding the tense sign –bi- to the stem. The i is dropped in the first person singular and becomes –u- in the 3 rd person plural.  IMPERATIVE – if something is imperative, it MUST be done! The imperative form is a command or direction. Formed by using the present stem of the verb for the singular. The plural is formed by adding a –te ending.

The Genitive Case  The Genitive Case is used to show possession  Genitive Endings (singular) are similar to Nominative Endings (plural) for both declensions. –Use translation tips to possibly eliminate nominative singular as a possibility  Uses the keyword ‘OF’

The Dative Case  The Indirect Object uses Dative Case Endings  Indirect Object – The noun TO or FOR WHOM the action is done  The keywords are TO or FOR

The Ablative Case  The Ablative Case is used for most prepositional phrases  We have learned the ‘Ablative of Means’ –No Latin preposition is used –We must add the keywords: by, with, or by means of