WASH Sector Coordination Model in Kenya Acknowledgements WESCOORD - Jane Maonga-Jones (UNICEF) and Eliud Wamwangi (MoWI)

What is an emergency in Kenya’s context??… Slow-onset disasters that take a long time to produce emergency conditions… Sudden unexpected situations that pose immediate risk to health, life, property or environment… GoK

Kenya: Disaster Profile Conflict hotspots GoK

Kenya: A recent history of Natural and Man-made Disasters Year Type of disaster Area of Coverage No. of People affected 2011 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 3 Million 2009 Drought Arid and semi-Arid areas 1 Million 2007/8 Post-election Violence Widespread 1500(deaths) 500,000(displaced) 2005/6 Drought then Floods Widespread 3 Million + 2004 Landslides Nyeri, Othaya, Kihuri 5 deaths 2002 Landslides Meru Central, Muranga, Nandi 2,000 2002 Floods Nyanza, Busia, Tana river basin 150,000 1999/2000 La Nina Drought Widespread 4.4 million 1997/98 El Nino Flood Widespread 1.5 million 1997 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Coast 300,000 (displaced) 1995/96 Drought Widespread 1.41 million 1992 Post-election Violence Rift valley/Western/Nyanza 127 (deaths) 120,000 (displaced) 1991/92 Drought Arid and semi-Arid districts 1.5 million 1985 Floods Nyanza and Western 10,000 1983/84 Drought Widespread 200,000 1982 Floods Nyanza 4,000 1980 Drought Widespread 40,000 1977 Drought Widespread 20,000 1975 Drought Widespread 16,000 Source : (Part of it) Republic of Kenya National Policy on Disaster Management (2004 - revised Draft) GoK

Coordination Structures for Emergency Response Government of Kenya Coordination Structures for Emergency Response GoK

TIMELINE: WASH Sector Coordination in Kenya 2001: WESCOORD formed as a sector working group under the Kenya Food Security Steering Group to respond to the drought emergency 2005: Cluster system activated globally - but not in Kenya 2007: A review of the humanitarian coordination structures recommends inclusion of other hazards besides drought 2008: Activation of the Cluster system in Kenya to respond to Post Election Violence. 2009: 10 Clusters - including WESCOORD are handed over to the GoK line ministries. 2011: Horn of Africa drought crisis. MoWI take lead in the response, with UNICEF taking on the role of sector co-leads 2012: Looking Beyond Drought Emergencies GoK

Key Sectors/Actors involved in WESCOORD MoWI MoPHS Local/ International WASH implementing agencies UNICEF Nutrition Education Primary actors Secondary actors Health GoK

WASH Sector Coordination Structure: National WESCOORD support officer - Secretariat WESCOORD support officer - KFSSG Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Chair (MoPHS) Sanitation & WESCOORD support officer - KFSSG Officer Water (FAO/OGB) Info Mngt TWG GoK

WASH Sector Coordination Structure: Sub-National level District Steering Group WESCOORD Chair/ District Water Officer WESCOORD Co-chair/ District Public Health Officer Focal WASH Agency (NGO) District WESCOORD Executive Committee Local & International WASH Actors GoK

Members of the National WESCOORD Strategic Advisory Group MoPHS MoWI WORLD CARES GoK

Some outputs from the WASH Sector TWGs National Water Policy (2012) National Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Policy (2012/draft) Draft Cholera Prevention and Control Plan (2011) Flood Mitigation Strategy (MoWI - 2010) Household Water Treatment and Storage Guidelines (2012) National School Health Policy (2009) Cholera EPR training Sub-national coordination training Other contributions: WASH Sector preparedness and response plans (CAP) Emergency Water Trucking Policy Briefing Paper (2009) – WESCOORD Emergency Water Trucking Guidelines (2011) WESCOORD Cholera Strategy (2011) Community Water Management Committees Training manual GoK

WASH: Who is doing What Where (in Kenya) - as of September 2012 GoK

WESCOORD 4Ws Partners Responding

www.wescoord.or.ke What else is on the website? Hygiene Promotion WG page District pages – Garissa/Wajir up’n running …… Links to other interesting stuff….. For instance Majidata = urban WASH data; GOK WRMA (permits and info.) Technical resources incl. Sand dams, EWT guidelines, etc.

Lessons Learnt from the Coordination Model… so far: Kenya = Hybrid model (sector leadership using cluster approach) This model provides an opportunity for integration of long-term programming in humanitarian response planning (focus on DRR) Advocacy from within: “Positioning” of humanitarian issues with relevant line ministries (through TWGs) to influence policy decisions Coordination capacity: Double-hatting nature of WESCOORD government staff roles makes effective coordination difficult Sense of urgency to deal with rapid onset emergencies lacking in government officers - who are also involved in development work Mismatched priorities? WASH Sector focus on resilience building/ DRR efforts not adequately backed by donor funding What do “they” know that “we” don’t?? Political correctness affects how certain humanitarian issues are addressed (e.g. contingency planning efforts for the upcoming elections) GoK

Some (two) Challenges…. Positioning WESCOORD in the Sector/Ministry. ReliefRecoveryResiliance (Devt.) Maintaining WESCOORD’s momentum 2007/8 2011/12 201?

Highlights for Jan/Feb 2012 Sub-national Coordination Training: 1. Turkana, W. Pokot, Baringo 2. Mandera, Wajir, Garissa, T River 3. Samburu, Isiolo, Marsabit (Moyale) 4. Coast Sand Dam Symposium. IM Training Garissa Launch TOT Manual Community WR Manag’t

What Next? GoK In country: Formalize Coordination role: Partnership Agreement Framework between the WASH line Ministries. WESCOORD as Platform for integration of long-term programming with humanitarian response for sustainability Focus on Emergency preparedness DRR/ Resilience building approaches Local/ national coordination capacity building Devolution Politics and WASH: Opportunities in the new constitution (integrating the WASH sector into decentralized structures at sub-national levels - counties) Regional/Global WASH Cluster support: Surge capacities in time of crisis - especially for sudden onset emergencies Support to adapt GWC tools to the Kenyan context Documentation and sharing of WASH sector best practices (structures, processes, approaches, etc.) Support resource mobilization efforts (lobbying for funding for preparedness/DRR/recovery actions) Support efforts for capacity building (e.g. on emergency preparedness and contingency planning) GoK

What lessons for us? Similarities but also differences Different ministries engagement/line ministry changes Even with almost constant crisis participation fluctuates in Kenya. How to keep members interested & engaged? Sub national challenges Sector coordination (for development) v. emergency preparedness and response. Equal needs. Maintain emergency task force/SAG? TWGs Information: a critical need. Ministry unlikely to manage on its own (UNICEF traditionally provides support) – Provinces?

Thank you! Asante sana! cartoons from WESCOORD annual report: ex World Bank Water & Sanitation Programme