An introduction to the properties of acids, bases, and the pH scale.

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Presentation transcript:

An introduction to the properties of acids, bases, and the pH scale

ElementAtomic #Mass #ProtonsElectronsNeutronsIon, Isotope, or Neutral? Uranium23892

 Pick up the two pieces of paper from the front table.

 Taste sour  Very reactive  Contain H+ (hydrogen ions)  Examples:  Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)  Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 )  Citric Acid (citrus fruits)  Acetic Acid (vinegar)

 Taste Bitter  Feel slippery (soap)  Contain OH- (hydroxide ions)  Examples:  Soap  Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)  Ammonia

 If the number of H + ions in a solution is greater than number of OH - ions, the solution is an acid  If the OH - ions are greater than the H + ions, the solution is a base

 Indicates hydrogen ion (H+) concentration  Ranges from 0-14  Acids are found in the 0-6 range  Bases are found in the 8-14 range  7 is NEUTRAL!! strongest acid neutral strongest base

 Do Now: Get out your pH notes from Friday. Testing Day Tomorrow!!!

H+ concentration increases OH- concentration increases

pH 0 to pH 14 H+ DECREASES As you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the concentration of H+ DECREASES (10 times each number) pH 0 to pH 14 OH- INCREASES As you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the concentration of OH- INCREASES (10 times each number)

1. As you move from pH 7 to pH 4 what happens to H+ concentration? 2. As you move from pH 2 to pH 8 what happens to OH- concentration? 3. How much more acidic is a solution with a pH 1 vs. pH 5?

 pH paper OR litmus paper

 Neutralize acids and bases  Keep the pH from undergoing large changes

 Practice: Read the entire article. Write the main point for each paragraph under the paragraph.  Lab:  Make a prediction for each substance.  Move around to each station and dip the pH paper into the solution.  Use the scale to determine the pH of each substance.

 LiquidPredictionActual pH  1. White milk________________  2. V-8 Juice________________  3. Comet cleaner________________  4. Vinegar________________  5. Baking Soda________________  6. Water________________  7. Egg________________  8. Lime Juice________________

1. Which solution was the strongest acid? The strongest base? 2. Which solution was the weakest acid? The weakest base? 3. Did you predict that any solution would be neutral? Was your prediction correct? Explain. 4. How many of your predictions were confirmed during the lab? Explain.