HOW TO MAKE SUSTAINABLE SANITATION REALLY SUTAINABLE – UP-SCALING OF ECOSAN (UDDT) IN KYRGYZSTAN, CENTRAL ASSIA Anara Choitonbaeva, KAWS, e-mail: achoitonbaeva@list.ru Dr. Claudia Wendland, Fedde Joritsma WECF

Kyrgyz Alliance for Water and Sanitation (KAWS) KAWS is a network organization of 46 Community Drinking Water Users Unions (CDWUUs) established in 2008 KAWS focus is on raising awareness for safe water and sustainable sanitation and energy in rural areas KAWS is the member of National Water Police Dialog and actively cooperating with the national and regional state KAWS is the member of WECF network KAWS is member of working group on Target Setting of Water Health Protocol Kyrgyz Republic

BACKGROUND TO THE SUSTAINABLE SANITATION PROJECT IN RURAL AREAS OF KYRGYZSTAN The Problem: since the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Kyrgyz government has lacked resources to provide this service. Many villages have had no clean drinking water and safe sanitation for 15 years Is there an alternative? Can rural people and their communities address their lack of safe drinking water & sanitation and manage its provision themselves? Rural Kyrgyzstan is a generally traditional and male dominated society mainly in the southern part of the country However, women make up over half the population they are also the ones most affected by the presence or absence of clean drinking water&safe saniation l

Typical Situation in Rural Areas: deteriorated rural drinking water supply - broken pumps - unsafe water quality – pit latrines

History of KAWS Worked with 200 villages in 3 northern Kyrgyzstan to re-habilitated their water supply and sanitation systems between 2002-2008, financed by Worldbank and DIFD Water supply issues more a less solved but safe sanitation still lacking however not water committees are working properly. Safe sanitation has been implemented through well-functioning water-committees (CDWUU) in partnership with WECF (Empowerment and Local Action, ELA), financed Dutch Ministry Creating local capacity on sustainable sanitation and energy solutions in project “Safety and Comfortable Home ” in partnership with WECF, ALGA and CAMP, financed by European union. Current project creating local business opportunities with focus on women

Outline & responsibilities of ELA project 16 target villages 150 household targeted Memorandum of understanding between parnters: WECF  capacity building, training, main coordination and facilitation, monitoring and supervision, funding KAWS  community mobilization, information dissimination, selection of household, establish mobile groups, ecosan clubs and organizing trainings and garuantee of repayment of the loan, design and suppervision of construction CDWUUs (Water-Committee)s  collecting 5% cash household contribution, lending loan, purchase of materials, Construction, collecting repayment of loan, Habitat for Humanity Kyrgystan  providing loan to CDWUU, overall administration and bookkeeping

Steps in ELA project 1 Community awareness rising –to raise awareness, information dissemination through village meeting, leaflet, posters and round table discussions and setup eECOSAN clubs 2 Household apply Letters of Interest to have UDDT, 3 Visit and interview household, applied letter of interest, selection criteria (willingness to have UDDT, ability to repay the loan, participation of trainings, willingness to reuse urine in the garden), household contribution 4 Participatory design of toilet, calculation of costs, assign household agreement for loan with water committee 5 On the job-trainings of village mobile construction group and household representatives how to construct UDDT 6 Monitoring & support according 9 indicators, exchange visits between villages, repayment of loan, 7 Setting a service for urine application by water committee , demonstration plot, 8 Refresh trainings, additional support, exchange visits and round tables

Toilet design

Effective Learning and Networking Ecosan toilet

Results and outcome RESULTS 100 UDDT constructed at households 2000 EUR guarantee fund More than 80.000 people received information about ecosan 80 Ecosan construction masters (new jobs created) Each household had a guestbook OUTCOME 1 business/demonstration center established with production of UD-bowls and doors 18 household toilets constructed with own recourses 2 kindergarten replicated without project money Repayment 100% Issyk-kul province (76 toilets) 24 toilets in Kochkor problems with repayment due to poor local management

Safe and Comfortable Home Project Creating local capacity for improved rural living standards through affordable and sustainable energy and sanitation solutions Europe Aid project The project has been implementing in the in the 9 villages of Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan

Project consortium WECF (Women in Europe for a Common Future) is an international network of more than 100 women‘s and environmental organisations in 40 countries, advocating globally for a healthy environment for all. KAWS (Kyrgyz Alliance for Water and Sanitation) is a Kyrgyz NGO supporting rural communities in planning, implementation and sustainable monitoring of improved rural water supply and sanitation. ALGA is a Kyrgyz NGO of rural women focusing on women’s empowerment, comprehensive support for village women through information supply, trainings, rights’ protection and advocacy of their interests at all levels. Camp Alatoo is a Central Asian organisation working in the area of natural resource management by effectively implementing programmes on the sustainable development of mountain communities at all levels.

Approach of the project Rising awareness about environmental technologies which improve living conditions in 9 villages in Issyk Kul region Building local capacity in the villages through training facilitators who instruct local staff on the construction and maintenance of the respective technologies - with local staff and expertise and local construction materials Supporting the CDWUUs (water committees) / Resource Centers Working with local school children and women groups developing a set of Environmental Joint Action Plans to raise awareness and demand for environmental technologies Trainings on financing mechanisms making the technologies affordable and suitable for local communities

Improving the access to efficient heating in winter time Most homes are equipped with a stove which is not very energy efficient and requires a lot of costly fuel. Its operation produces smoke which causes a lot of health problems particularly for children and elderly people. An energy efficient stove burns fuel more efficiently and produces less smoke than conventional ovens. Through installing such a stove, the household fuel costs will decrease and the family‘s health improve. The energy efficient stove can heat the house with any kind of fuels such as coal, dry dung and wood

Improving the access to warm water without electricity A solar collector (or solar water heater) uses the sun‘s energy to heat water. The tank contains 200 liters which can be heated up per day. The solar collectors are designed to resist freezing, allowing year-round use even during cold winters. They are easy to construct and to maintain

Improving sanitation standards in the household, providing organic fertilizer and protecting groundwater resources The urine diverting dry toilet (UDDT) or ecosan toilet is an innovative technology which can be implemented inside the house or attached to the house. The ecosan toilet does not need water for flushing, neither smells nor attracts flies..

Results achieved in 2011 - 1 Start up meetings in the 9 villages Gender and Healthy Environment Training manual developed by all partners 27 facilitators in the 9 villages trained Training at school for 300 children to develop an Environmental Action Plan Survey carried out in the 9 villages Gender trainings in the 9 villages 9 Demonstration Centers established under the CDWUUs (Water Committees) offices 3 Recourse Centers have been set up and well functioning and job created for young unemployed people 56 demonstration objects: UDDT, Solar Collector, Energy efficiency stoves constructed and Solar Dryers produced 3 UDDT, 1 Solar Collector constructed in the village institutions and 4 Solar Dryers and 38 Energy Efficiency Stoves replicated at the households level with out project money

Sustainability and Up-Scaling Local capacity in the villages through training facilitators who instruct local staff on the construction and maintenance of the respective technologies - with local staff and expertise and local construction materials CDWUU’s Demonstration and Resource Centers create accessibility to knowledge, exchange and financial mechanisms Working with local school children and women groups developing set of Environmental Joint Action Plans to raise awareness and demand for environmental technologies Community based approach Social financing mechanisms making the technologies affordable and suitable for local communities Learning by doing, sharing experiences, exchange visits

Thank you for your attention!