CELLS The Basic Units of Life
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 What ARE cells? What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? Basic unit of life Smallest structural and functional unit of ALL living things All organisms made of 1 or more cells Cell is basic unit of all living things All cells come from existing cells
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 What are the 2 types of cells? Prokaryotic- Singled celled organisms without a nucleus; do have DNA & ribosomes (Pro = before; karyote = kernel) Eukaryotic – Cells with a nucleus; have membrane-bound organelles ( “Eu” = good; karyote = kernel)
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 Two Types of Cells
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 Parts of the Cell What do all cells have? Cell Membrane – protective layer that covers cells surface an acts as a barrier separating the cell’s insides from its environment. Organelles – small bodies in cell’s cytoplasm that perform a specific function Genetic Material/DNA – all cells have DNA at some time; carries info to make new cells and new organisms; directs actions of cell
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 Eukaryotic Cells What are the parts of both Plant and Animal Cells? (shown with abbreviated jobs) Cell Membrane – protective barrier Cytoskeleton-web of proteins in cytoplasm; helps cell movement, shape and division Nucleus- contains DNA Ribosomes-make proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum-ER: makes proteins, lipids, etc. Mitochondrion – power source Golgi Complex-packages/distributes proteins Lysosome-(mainly animal cells) digestion
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 Eukaryotic Cells What do Plant Cells have that Animal Cells do not? Cell Wall – rigid structure that gives support to a cell Chloroplasts – where photosynthesis occurs, using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen Large Central Vacuole – stores water and other liquids
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 Organization of Living Things What is the difference between Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms? Unicellular Organisms – made of one cell; Examples: bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes); yeasts and some algae & protists (eukaryotes); need fewer resources; can live in harsher environments Multicellular Organisms – made of multiple cells: plants, animals, some protists, fungi; starts as single cell; cells become differentiated /fixed / specialized
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 Organization of Living Things What are the characteristics of multicellular organisms? Larger Size Longer Life Specialization
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 From Cells to Organisms What are the 4 levels or organization in a multicellular ogranism? Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems
Cells: Basic Units of Life – Ch. 4 Vocabulary Section 1 cell organelle prokayrote cell membrane nucleus eukaryote Section 2 cell wall lysosome mitochondrion cytoskeleton chloroplast ribosome Golgi complex vesicle endoplasmic reticulum Section 3 organism tissue function organ structure organ system