U.S.A Expansion westward after civil war ( ) Gold, silver, and land Natives were pushed aside & subdued. Railways were key to Western expansion. Arrival of many immigrants from Europe. Wars between Cuba gave US rights to Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Showing the US as an Imperial power along with the other European nations. Emerging Industrial Powers

Munroe Doctrine (1823) policy of ISOLATIONISM Statement that states that US would only go to war should a European nation take arms against the US. Not involve themselves with the quarrels of the rest of the world.

Isolationism refers to America's (or any other nations) longstanding reluctance to become involved in European alliances and wars.

Japan: In 1600s Japanese societies outlawed Christianity in an effort to prevent European interference. Policy of ISOLATIONISM Disrupted when US ships arrive and make demands forcing trade. By 1885, Japan becomes a big name comparable to European powers.

Leaving Japan to slowly adopt and be influenced by the U.S. industry and commerce Sign treaty with the US, allowing US to have diplomatic rights and foreign resident status in Japan. Benefits= becoming a World Power in order to compete on the court of the world.

Russia: During and after Napoleonic Era; Russian politics were marked with industrial, economic and political strife. Tsars (Alexander I, II, III and Nicolas II) attempted to maintain a hold on the ever increasing liberal-minded ideals of Europe at the time.

Russian monarchy ruled under the Old Regime; serfs were controlled by upper class & monarchy (extreme, repressive, conservative). -This repressive control lead to increasing instances of revolts and the formation of secret terrorist societies. -Leading to an unstable and potentially volatile society.

NICHOLAS II ( ) Last Romanov Tsar A reluctant monarch (didnt want to have responsibility of ruling Russia) Charged with dealing with the ever increasing dissatisfaction and labor unrest among serfs. Nicholas was continuously challenged by opponents of absolute monarchy resulting in continual political instability. Eventually resulting in his abdication of the throne and his execution in 1917.

France:1870 Franco-Prussian War Otto Bismarck (German Nationalist leader) Ever since the French Revolution, France had dominance and influence across the entire European continent. Other nations began to see this as a threat to their own Nationalistic goals and took actions to counter the French supremacy. Read the following pages in Century of Change (pp ) to discover Germanys status among the emerging Nationalist European nations. Respond to the following questions and work in a group to create a fictional interview with the infamous German leader, Otto von Bismarck.

Isms of WWI 1. INDUSTRIALISM –Led to increased economic competition between European nations. –Main competition was b/t leader of Great Britain and Germany (Naval race). (The M.A.I.I.I.N. long term causes of WWI)

2.MILITARISM - belief in military battle as the only solution to solve international conflict -resulting in Arms Race. A need for bigger and better weapons push countries to compete for supremacy. End result is a country with a huge stockpile of weapons, ready to be used.

Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies Germany1.3m5.0m France0.73m4.0m Russia0.40m1.2m Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships :dreadnoughts The British feared an attack on their Empire

3. IMPERIALISM - competition b/t nations to control and dominate land, natural resources, and people in other countries other than their own. -Germany felt it had to catch up with the rest of the world.

4.NATIONALISM - An explosive kind of nationalism existed in the BALKANS and was encouraged by Russia to bring all SLAVIC people under its influence.

6.ALLIANCES -ism - alliance system was meant as a balance of power strategy designed to keep countries from going to war. If an allied country goes to war, your country is obligated to defend regardless of involvement or personal interest. The Balkan situation is a perfect example of this policy.

6.ISOLATIONISM -A foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military and a political policy of economic nationalism (protectionism). Non-interventionism= avoiding alliances with other nations = avoid all wars not related to direct self- defense. Protectionism= allow legal barriers to prevent trade & cultural exchange with other nations.

Century of Change (pp ) 1.What was the state of the present-day Germany prior to 1870? 2.What role did nationalism play in the unification of Germany? 3. Who was Otto von Bismarck? What role did he play in the Prussian government? 4.What problems can you foresee in the creation of a new federal state such as Germany? What would be the reaction of the rulers of the smaller German states toward unification? 5.Why did France declare war on Prussia on July 19, 1870? What was the result? What key piece of land did Germany gain through their victory? Speculate on what effect loosing this land will have on the attitude of the French toward the Germans in the future. Prepare and conduct interview questions for fictional news interview with Bismarck in 1870 after the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War. Structure your interview to discover the goals and the strategies which governed Bismarcks foreign policy from You may work in groups of two or three. Be creative and be prepared to conduct your interview in front of the class on Friday.