1. What goes around comes around
Do you agree with this statement? Why?

5. Why did an assassination spiral the world into a global war?

6. World War I

7. Long term causes
What is the big picture?

8. Industrialization Economic transformation
Urbanization: population shift to cities as factories are built to house newly developed machines increases as industrial factories develop for new machines to produce goods
Industrialization: Machinery increases production creating a demand for raw materials and new markets to sell manufactured goods.

9. Imperialism
The policy or practice of extending a state's rule over other territories
Industrialized nations compete for control of resources and markets
Demand for raw materials to fill factories
Demand for markets to sell products manufactured products

10. Nationalism
A sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism
Social Darwinism/ Scientific Racism
‘Survival of the fittest’
Might makes right: Assertive and aggressive

11. Militarism
The opinions or actions of people who believe that a country should use military methods to gain power and to achieve its goals
Arms race
New technology for weapons
Large armies and expanding naval fleets

12. Ottoman Empire Declines
Fails to industrialize: “Sick man of Europe”
No political reform
Power vacuum disrupts the balance of power
Resources
Trade routes: Bosporus and Dardanelles
Arabian oil
Balkan land

13. Response
Why would the competitive rivalry overseas become a problem for Europe with the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

14. What goes around comes around
European powers aggressively expand around the globe to develop their national economies.
With the declining Ottoman Empire, European competition for power arrives on their own doorstep.
Rivalry

15. Short term causes
What is happening in Europe?

16. European Conflict British and German Rivalry
Competition between the imperialist powers increased creating diplomatic tensions
The Berlin-Baghdad Railroad was designed to avoid the British controlled Suez Canal giving Germany greater access to oil.

17. Nationalism
Unification
Division
1871, Germany unification under Emperor Wilhelm after defeating the French and acquiring Alsace-Lorraine
1871, Italian unification
Austro-Hungary, Russia and the Ottoman Empire were all multinational states attempting to remain unified
Internal pressure during a time of strong nationalism

18. Militarism Triple Alliance: Austro-Hungary, Germany and Italy
Alliances
Mobilization
Triple Alliance: Austro-Hungary, Germany and Italy
Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain
Europeans developed military mobilization plans
Example: Germany’s Schlieffen Plan
Two fronts: Russia and France
Believed France was weak and could be quickly defeated
Russia was stronger but would take a long time to mobilize
Attack France first and then Russia

19. The Balkan Peninsula 1908, Young Turks Revolution
Austro Hungary expands into Bosnia
Balkan League
Balkan Wars-Ottoman Empire loses control

20. Response
How do you see diplomacy breaking down among European powers?

21. What goes around comes around
Much of the world is militarily dominated by imperialist powers
Protecting national interests leads to alliances backed with increasingly powerful weapons
Balkan nationalism stirs up the hornets’ nest
Aggression

22. Immediate causes
What is happening in the Balkans?

23. July Crisis
June 28, Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by a Bosnian nationalist in Sarajevo, Serbia.
July 23, With German support Austro- Hungary delivers the July Ultimatum designed to provoke Serbia to war.
July 25, Serbia replies to the Ultimatum agreeing to most of its demands, but Austro-Hungary breaks diplomatic ties.

24. July Crisis cont’d
July 28, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia.
July 30, Russia announces full mobilization as an ally of Serbia
August 1, Germany declares war on Russia and implements Schlieffen Plan and

25. Response European imperialism naturally led to the First World War.
If you agree with the statement, what were the connecting cause and effects?
If you disagree with the statement, how might things have gone differently? Explain?

26. What goes around comes around
Imperialistic competition overseas become competition at home when the Ottoman Empire declines leaving the Balkans a problem.
Military domination overseas becomes an arms race at home leading to military alliances