Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act; Slide 29.1 Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

CZMA Section 302(i) (i) The key to more effective protection and use of the land and water resources of the coastal zone is to encourage the states to exercise their full authority over the lands and waters in the coastal zone by assisting the states, in cooperation with the Federal and local governments and other vitally affected interests, in developing land and water use programs for the coastal zone including unified policies, criteria, standards, methods, and processes for dealing with land and water use decisions of more than local significance. Slide 29.2 Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act; Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

(a) The Secretary (of Commerce) may make grants to any coastal state for the purpose of administering that state’s management program… (but) (d) Before approving a management program submitted by a coastal state, the Secretary shall find that… (2) The management program includes each of the following program required elements: (A) An identification of the boundaries of the coastal zone subject to the management program. (B) A definition of what shall constitute permissible land uses and water users within the coastal zone…. (C) An inventory and designation of areas of particular concern with the coastal zone. Administrative Grants (Section 306)… Slide 29.3 Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act; Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management

(D) An identification of the means by which the State proposes to exert control over the land uses and water uses… (E) Broad guidelines on priorities of uses in particular areas… (I) A planning process for assessing the effects of, and studying and evaluating ways to control, or lessen the impact of, shoreline erosion, and to restore areas adversely affected by such erosion.…………… (9) The management program includes procedures whereby specific areas may be designated for the purpose of preserving is restoring them for their conservation, recreational ecological, historical, or esthetic values. (A) to administer land use and water use regulations to control development to ensure compliance with the management program… (10) The State …has authority……. Administrative Grants (Section 306) continued Slide 29.4 Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act;

(B) To acquire fee simple and less than fee simple interests in land, waters, and other property… (11) The management program provides for any one or a combination of the following general techniques for control of land uses and water uses within the coastal zone: (A) State establishment of criteria and standards of local implementation,… Administrative Grants (Section 306) continued Slide 29.5 Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act; Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

(c) Consistency of Federal activities with state management programs; (1) Each Federal agency activity within or outside the coastal zone that affects any land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone shall be carried out in a manner which is consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the enforceable policies of approved State management programs… (2) Any Federal agency which shall undertake any development project in the coastal zone of a state shall insure that the project is, to the maximum extent practicable, consistent with the enforceable policies of approved state management programs. Coordination and cooperation (Section 307) Slide 29.6 Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act; Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

(3) After final approval by the Secretary of a state’s management program, any applicant for a required Federal license or permit to conduct an activity, in or outside of the coastal zone, affecting any land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone of that state shall provide in the application to the licensing or permitting agency a certification that proposed activity complies with the enforceable policies of the state’s approved program and that such activity will be conducted in a manner consistent with the program… Coordination and cooperation (Section 307) continued Slide 29.7 Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act; Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

(b) (1) The Secretary may make grants to coastal states to provide funding for… (a) (2) Preventing or significantly reducing threats to life and destruction of property by eliminating development and redevelopment in high- hazard areas, managing development in other hazard areas, and anticipating and managing the effects of potential sea level rise and great Lakes level rise. Coastal Zone Enhancement Grants (Section 309) Slide 29.8 Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Zone Management Act; Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

Bay Barriers: Coastal barriers that connect two headlands, and enclose a pond, marsh, or other aquatic habitat. Tombolos: Sand or gravel beaches that connect offshore islands to each other or to a mainland. Barrier Spits: Coastal barriers that extend into open water and are attached to the mainland at one end. Kinds of Coastal Barriers Slide 29.9 Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Barrier Resources Act Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

Barrier Spits: Coastal barriers that extend into open water and are attached to the mainland at one end. Barrier Islands: Coastal barriers completely detached from the mainland. Dune or Beach Barriers: Broad, sandy barrier beaches with hills or ridges of sand. Fringing Mangroves: Bands of mangroves along tropical or subtropical mainland shores. Kinds of Coastal Barrier- continued Slide Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Barrier Resources Act

The Coastal Barrier Resources System is a collection of specific, undeveloped units of land and associated aquatic environments that serve as barriers protecting the Atlantic, Gulf, and Great Lakes coasts. Undeveloped coastal barriers that have been designated and mapped using criteria developed by the Department of the Interior and later approved by Congress. The System currently includes 585 units, which add up to almost 1.3 million acres on about 1,200 shoreline miles. There are also 274 “Otherwise Protected Areas”, a category added by the 1990 Act which includes coastal barriers within lands reserved for conservation purposes by some other law or policy. What is Included in the Coastal Barrier Resources System? Slide Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Barrier Resources Act Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course

The coastal barrier legislation is not intended to prevent or regulate development in these high-risk areas, it only directs that federal dollars not be used for development purposes. Therefore, individuals who choose to live and invest in land included in the System do so without Federal subsidies. What is Included in the Coastal Barrier Resources System?- continued Slide Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Barrier Resources Act

Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Barrier Resources Act Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide North Carolina Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CoBRA) Boundaries

Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II: Coastal Barrier Resources Act Slide South Carolina Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CoBRA) Boundaries Session Name: Managing Development in the Coastal Zone, Federal Policy II… Coastal Hazards Management Course