Chapter 6 – New Industrial Age US History Chapter 6 – New Industrial Age

Turn to a Clean Sheet of Paper & Set It up Like This: Chapter # & Title Section # & Title Topics & Terms Notes

Section 1 – Expansion of Industry

Topic 1. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization Black Gold 1859 Edwin Drake – Steam Engine to drill for Oil Used to make Kerosene then Gasoline for Cars Bessemer Steel Process Large Supplies of Coal & Iron in the US Bessemer Process Allowed Steel to be produced Quickly & Efficiently New Uses for Steel Railroads, Barbed Wire, Farm Equipment, Bridges, Skyscrapers

Topic 2. Inventions Promote Change Power of Electricity 1876 Thomas Edison opens laboratory at Menlo Park 1890 Electricity was running Factories Allowed Factories to be more mobile Inventions Change Lifestyles 1867 Christopher Sholes – Typewriter 1876 Alexander G. Bell – Telephone

Section 1 Summary: Write your own summary of what is important to remember about section 1. This summary should only be 3-4 sentences.

Section 2 – Age of the Railroads

Topic 1. Railroads Span Time & Space National Network May 10, 1869 Transcontinental Railroad Promontory, Utah Central Pacific & Union Pacific met By 1890 180K miles of track spanning the US Romance & Reality Railroads met a new start for people Union Pacific – Irish workers Central Pacific – Chinese workers Railroad Time 1883 US began using Time Zones Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific

Topic 2. Opportunities & Opportunists New Towns & Markets Railroads allowed Towns to Specialize and Grow Pullman George Pullman created the “Company Town” Model Credit Mobilier 1864 railroad construction scandal Union Pacific pocketed $23 million in Stocks Major Political officials were involved (VP-Colfax & future President Garfield)

Topic 3. The Grange & The Railroads Railroad Abuses Misuse of Government Land Grants, Controlled Prices, Price Discrimination Granger Laws 1877 Munn v. Illinois Supreme Court Supported Regulations on Railroad Companies Interstate Commerce Act 1887 Interstate Commerce Act establishes Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) ICC tries to control railroad prices Panic & Consolidation By 1893 600 Banks & 15K Business had Failed Large Financial Companies took over business

Section 2 Summary: Write your own summary of what is important to remember about section 2. This summary should only be 3-4 sentences.

Section 3 – Big Business & Labor

Topic 1. Carnegie’s Innovations New Business Strategies Efficiency in Production (New Machinery & Technology) to produce Cheaply Hire Talented People Vertical Integration – Buying out the Resources & Distribution components Horizontal Integration – Buying out the Competition

Topic 2. Social Darwinism & Business Principles of Social Darwinism Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species talks about “Natural Selection” Business & Markets should not be Regulated by Government The Best will Survive New Definition of Success Hard work will be rewarded with success The Poor are lazy or inferior

Topic 3. Fewer Control More Growth & Consolidation Mergers – One Company Buying the Stock of another Company to Control it Trusts – Different Companies Giving Stock Control over to a group of Trustees to Control the Industry Rockefeller & the “Robber Barons” Rockefeller used Economic tactics (Economies of Scale) to force competitors out of business Tycoons like Rockefeller & Carnegie donated hundreds of millions back to the community Sherman Antitrust Act 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act made it illegal to form trust companies Didn’t work very well Business Boom Bypasses the South Industrialization passed the South by

Topic 4. Labor Unions Emerge Long Hours & Danger 12 or more hours per day (6 or 7 days a week) Dirty, Dangerous, & Deadly Men, Women, & Children Worked for Low Pay Early Labor Organizing NLU – National Labor Union, 1866 CNLU – Colored National Labor Union Knight of Labor, 1869 Arbitration & Strikes the tools of Unions

Topic 5. Union Movements Diverge Craft Unionism AFL – American Federation of Labor 1886 Samuel Gompers Union of Skilled Workers Used Strikes & Collective Bargaining to gain higher wages and better working conditions Industrial Unionism ARU – American Railway Union 1894 Eugene Debs Union of Unskilled, Semiskilled, & Skilled Workers

Topic 5. Union Movements Diverge cont. Socialism & the IWW Socialism – Economic & Political System based on Government Control of the economy IWW – Industrial Worker of the World “Wobblies” 1905 by William “Big Bill” Haywood Other Labor Activism in the West Labor Unions formed for Farmworkers & Miners

Topic 6. Strikes Turn Violent Great Strike of 1877 Railroad workers went on Strike & Shut down 50K miles of track for a week President Hays sent federal troops to end the strike Haymarket Affair Union members gathered to protest police brutality As they left a riot broke out Several workers were killed Homestead Strike Steel works went on Strike Pinkerton Detectives were hired to control strikers Scabs – replacement workers

Topic 6. Strikes Turn Violent cont. Pullman Company Strike 1893 Pullman laid off 3,000 employees & reduce worker pay Strikes turned violent & Strikers were fired Women Organize UMW – United Mine Workers of America 1877 “Equal pay for Equal work” Mary H Jones – Led children workers on a march to Theodore Roosevelt’s house ILGWU – International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union 1909 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire 146 women were trapped Management & Government Pressure Unions “Yellow-Dog Contracts” – Would not join a Union Used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop Unions

Section 3 Summary: Write your own summary of what is important to remember about section 3. This summary should only be 3-4 sentences.