1. Industrialization

2. Big Industries Black Gold – Importance? Edwin Drake & Oil Kerosene vs. Gasoline Steel – Importance? Bessemer Process Iron vs. Steel

3. Transcontinental Railroad Central Pacific and Union Pacific worked to complete project May 10, 1869 marks completion of 1 st transcontinental railroad in Utah (10 year process) Many Immigrants from Ireland, China and war veterans worked the railways Creation of times zones

4. Effects of Railroads Railroads brought opportunity to many Steel, Coal, Iron, Lumber, Glass Industries Towns Flourished Credit Mobilier Company & Scandal Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) created to monitor railroad activities and set rates Not truly effective until under Teddy Roosevelt

5. Robber Barons John Rockefeller Founded Standard Oil Co. Account for 90% of US Oil Implemented ruthless business tactics Pay workers low Once gaining control of market, hike prices high Created a Monopoly Wealthiest man in US history Andrew Carnegie Began in RR, left & formed Carnegie Steel Co. Develop many new business strategies like Horizontal & Vertical integration Both are examples of Social Darwinism

6. Railways lead to New Business Strategies ( Textbook pg. 448) Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration Buy out suppliers of competition Buy up competition Raw Materials Similar Products Merge TrustsCorporations

7. What is chart showing?

8. Social Darwinism & Laissez Faire “Social Darwinism” Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution “Natural Selection” or “Survival of the Fittest” Laissez Faire “Hands Off” economy No Government Involvement

9. Labor & Unions Relationships 1.Who generally worked in the factory? 2.What conditions did many factory workers face in the late 19 th century? 3.What did labor unions advocate? Be Specific 4.What different types of labor unions were emerging during the nation’s industrial boom? 5.What were some of the methods used by unions in order to achieve their goals?

10. Multiple Unions Name of Union LeaderTacticsAchievements

11. Public reaction to the strikes? Great Strike of 1877 2 month long RR strike Federal troops had to intervene Haymarket Affair - 1886 7 police officers killed, several workers died after bomb was tossed at police Effect: Public begins to turn against strikes. Sources: library of congres, getty images

12. Homestead Strike 1.Strike @ Carnegie Steel in PA 2.Plant operator hired “scabs” to replace workers 3.PA National Guard needed to restore order 3 guards and 9 workers dead 4.Strike lasted from July-Nov., but lost most of effectiveness due to replacement workers.