“A Change is Gonna’ Come,” Sam Cooke, 1963 I was born by the river in a little tent Oh and just like the river I've been running ever since It's been a long, a long time coming But I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will It's been too hard living but I'm afraid to die Cause I don't know what's up there beyond the sky I go to the movie and I go downtown Somebody keep telling me don't hang around Then I go to my brother And I say brother help me please But he winds up knocking me Back down on my knees Ohhhhhhhhh..... There been times that I thought I couldn't last for long But now I think I'm able to carry on

Learning Targets Evaluate the need for a Civil Rights Movement Describe the non-violent actions of the Civil Rights Movement Summarize the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement

WHITEBOARD #1: BIRMINGHAM’S LAW SUMMARY Read your table’s assigned law. Summarize the law in ONE sentence on your Whiteboard! Groups will listen to each others, choose the best one and share it with the class.

White Board Moment #2! ;) After looking at the primary sources, what was the issue? How does this conflict with the ideals of our nation?

African American Civil Rights: Non-Violent Movement

CONDITIONS

1880s: Jim Crow Laws Response to Civil War Amendments “separate but equal” is legal (segregation ok)

1880s: Jim Crow Laws SEGREGATION EXAMPLES swimming pools parks trains drinking fountains movie theatres Even segregated checkers in Mississippi

WWI & WWII Segregated military (ended in ’48)

Photographs used in the 1950s: Conditions in the South Separate schools “Separate but Equal”? Vs. Photographs used in the Brown Vs. Board of Education case White School African American School

1950s: Conditions in the South Unequal treatment

1950s: Conditions in the South Voting Restrictions (Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests) Mississippi – 1890 $1.50 pay for each year you can vote 40 yrs. old =$28.50 Result = 98% of AA unable to vote

1950s: Conditions in the South Violence: Lynchings, KKK

White Board Moment!! Summarize in 5 words or less why there was a need for a civil rights movement. If you were an African American in the South, which condition in the South, would you have fought against first? Why? Be able to defend your choice!

Actions & Obstacles

1954: Brown Vs. Board of Education Ruled that separate schools are NOT equal Supreme Court ruled for Integration with “prompt and reasonable start” & “with all deliberate speed.”

1954: Brown Vs. Board of Education Many Southern States refused (i.e Little Rock) "I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." Governor of Alabama George Wallace, Inaugural address, Jan. 14, 1963

1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa parks refused to give up her seat

1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott NAACP and MLK Jr. organized (through churches) Meeting place for car pools Martin Luther King Jr.

1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott Successful!

1957: Little Rock tested gov’ts support of Brown Eisenhower sent fed. troops in support

1960: Sit-Ins AA students refused to leave“whites only” Woolworth’s counter non-violent methods spread within 2 weeks : sleep-ins, play-ins, watch-ins, read-ins & swim-ins 6 mths. Later: Woolworths integrated! Original “sit-in” in Greensboro

Whiteboard Moment!!! Read the rules written by students for the sit-ins. Which rule would have been the most difficult to follow? Why? Civil Disobedience: choosing to not follow an unjust law or policy Ciivl disobedience + direct action + peace= AA civil rights mov’t

1961: Freedom Rides Led by CORE (Congress for Racial Equality) Tested Supreme Court decision Morgan v. Virginia, 1946 Again, college students took leadership!

1961: Freedom Rides Violence resulted in fed. protection

1963: Birmingham children recruited to “fill the jails”

1963: Birmingham Nat’l attention got JFK to support Civil Rights bill "The events in Birmingham... have so increased the cries for equality that no city or state or legislative body can prudently choose to ignore them." —President John F. Kennedy, June 1963

1963: March on Washington Demonstration to support Civil Rights Bill MLK: “I have a Dream” “ I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” --Martin Luther King Jr. 250,000 come!

1964: Voting Rights Drive “Freedom Summer” organized by students registered AA to Vote 3 murdered 3 shot 80 beaten 1,000 arrested

White Board Moment, REALLY AGAIN!!! In one word, describe the civil rights movement. In one word, describe the reaction by some white southerners to the civil rights movement.

Accomplishments

1964: Civil Rights Act Outlawed discrimination in hiring Ended segregation in public places LBJ signing the act – passed after 83 days of filibuster

1964: 24th Amendment Banned poll taxes 1966: all poll taxes banned, not just in federal elections

1965: Voting Rights Act Ended literacy tests Fed. examiners register voters

White Board Moment, FINALE!!! What do you think was the most important accomplishment of the Civil Rights Movement? Why? Be able to defend your choice!

REFLECTION After reading the primary sources, answer the following in your notebook: Summarize the method of civil disobedience. What was the purpose of using civil disobedience in protest? How effective do you think civil disobedience was in the Civil Rights Movement?