Title – Convoy Operations (Admin) Adapted from 27th Transportation Battalion Briefing (MC) State Your Name Unit Tell Students How Long Class Will Take Next: Tasks – Conditions – Standards

Convoy Operations (Admin) 27th Transportation Battalion (MC)

Tasks – Conditions – Standards TASK: Determine requirements for convoy movements and conduct convoy operations. CONDITIONS: Given a class room environment determine prior, current and post requirements for convoy operations within a theater of operation. STANDARDS: Upon completion each individual will have a working knowledge of the difficulties, and restrictions involved in establishing convoy operations. RESOURCE REFERENCES: FM 55 – 30, FM 55 – 10, SAFETY BOOK, FM 5 – 36, FM 55 – 312, AE REG 55-1 Next: Pre-Test

TASKS – CONDITIONS – STANDARDS RESOURCE REFERENCES: FM 55 – 30, FM 55 – 10, SAFETY BOOK, FM 5 – 36, FM 55 - 312 TASK: Determine requirements for convoy movements and conduct convoy operations. CONDITION: Given a class room environment determine prior, current and post requirements for convoy operations within a theater of operation. STANDARD: Upon completion each individual will have a working knowledge of the difficulties, and restrictions involved in establishing convoy operations. TASKS – CONDITIONS – STANDARDS

Next: Section 1 – Convoy Definitions Pre-Test What are the three types of road classifications as determined by STANAG 2174? A) 1, 2 or 3, B) X,Y or Z, C)Traffic, oversized, limited The green convoy flag goes on the lead vehicle of a convoy. A) True, B) False What is the largest element of a convoy? A) march unit, B) serial, C) column, D) convoy commanders Who is responsible for the vehicles and personnel of a convoy from SP to RP? A) company commander, B) squad leader, C) plt sgt, D) convoy commander How many different types of Convoy Support Centers are there? A) five, B) four, C) three, D) two What does the first two numbers on a march credit stand for? A) number of vehicles in the convoy, B) date of the convoy move, C) hour of move What can cause a problem in a convoy? What is the time limit for a routine march credit for standard vehicles? A) 5 days, B) 10 days, C) 7 days, D) 2 days is fine What is the time limit for a routine march credit for oversized/overweight vehicles? A) 7 days, B) 3 weeks, C) 10 days, D) 1 month How many miles are there in a line haul? A) 20 MILES, B) 95 MILES, C) 144 KM , D) 90 MILES Next: Section 1 – Convoy Definitions

PRE-TEST

Section 1 – Convoy Definitions A Convoy is a group of motor vehicles Organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement With or without escort protection. Next: Definitions

Convoy Definitions Convoy Column March Serial

Next: Section 2 – March Credits Definitions CONVOY COMMANDER - The officer or noncommissioned officer IN CHARGE of the vehicles and operating personnel or a convoy, DESIGNATED AS SUCH by the person authorizing the movement. CONVOY - A convoy is also defined as, any group of six or more vehicles temporarily organized to operate as A column with or without escort proceeding together under A single commander or the dispatching of 10 or more vehicles per hour to the same destination over the same route. MARCH UNIT - A march unit is a subdivision of the serial. It comes under the direct control of the march unit commander. It is the smallest organized subgroup of the convoy and usually will not exceed 20 vehicles. SERIAL - A serial is a subdivision of the march column. It consists of elements of a march column (convoy) moving from one area over the same route at the same time. All the elements move to the same area and are grouped under a serial commander. The serial commander is directly responsible to the convoy commander. A serial may be divided into two or more march units. COLUMN - A column is a group of two to five serials. It represents approximately a battalion-to-brigade size element. Each column has a column commander. Next: Section 2 – March Credits

CONVOY COMPONENTS Convoy Commander: Convoy: 6 or more vehicles March (Element): 2 – 20 Vehicles Serial (Element): 2+ March Units Column (Element): 2+ Serials CONVOY COMPONENTS

Section 2 – March Credits A March Credit is nothing more than a Convoy Clearance number. This number is given by the approving headquarters in whose area the convoy originates and is designated at the time the request for convoy clearance is approved. This number is shown by the convoy during the entire movement for control purposes. Next: Deciphering The March Credit Number

March Credits (Convoy Clearance Number)

Deciphering The March Credit Number MARCH CREDIT # : 01GEFO51058 FIRST 2 NUMBERS -- DAY OF THE MONTH MOVEMENT BEGINS. EXAMPLE 01 MAY FIRST 2 LETTERS -- NATIONAL SYMBOL OF THE CONVOY AUTHORIZING MOVE. EXAMPLE : GE = GERMANY SECOND 2 LETTERS -- AUTHORITY GRANTING CLEARANCE. EXAMPLE: FO=BAVARIA (HMCT KATTERBACH) SECOND 2 NUMBERS-- ADMINISTRATIVE NUMBERS OF CLEARANCE FOR DATE THIRD 2 NUMBERS -- MONTH OF CLEARANCE. EXAMPLE 05 = MAY LAST NUMBER -- YEAR OF CLEARANCE. EXAMPLE 7 = 1998 * THE LAST THREE NUMBERS OF A MARCH CREDIT ARE FOR HMCT ADMINISTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY. THE NUMBER WHICH SHOULD BE CHALKED ON ALL VEHICLES IN A CONVOY IS THE MARCH CREDIT NUMBER MINUS THE LAST THREE NUMBERS. FOR THE EXAMPLE ABOVE, THE CONVOY COMMANDER SHOULD CHALK # 01GEFO51 ON HIS VEHICLES. Next: Placing March Credits On Vehicles

Deciphering The March Credit Number 01GEFO51058 01 GE FO 51 05 8 First 2 Numbers First 2 Letters Second 2 Letters Second 2 Numbers Third 2 Numbers Last Number Day Of The Month Movement Begins National Symbol Of The Convoy Authorizing Move Authority Granting Clearance Admin Numbers Of Clearance For Date Month Of Clearance Year Of Clearance EXAMPLE: 01 MAY EXAMPLE: GE = GERMANY EXAMPLE: FO=BAVARIA (HMCT KATTERBACH) EXAMPLE: 05 = MAY EXAMPLE: 8 = 1998

Placing March Credits On Vehicles BOTH SIDES - (all vehicles) FRONT - (first vehicle) REAR - (last vehicle) Next: Types Of March Credits

Placing March Credits On Vehicles Both Sides Front Back All Vehicles Front Vehicle Back Vehicle

Next: Exceptions To March Credit Policy Types Of March Credits ROUTINE MARCH CREDITS - Routine march credit bids meet the time frames listed below for submission to the HMCT. They are used for peacetime missions and company or battalion sized field training exercises (FTX). Submission requirements listed below do not include the day of submission, the day of the movement, weekends and holidays (German and American). If a march credit bid is faxed to the HMCT after the hours of business, the date of submission becomes the next business day. STANDARD OVERSIZED/OVERWEIGHT IN GERMANY 5 DAYS 10 DAYS BORDER CROSSINGS INTO ALL 15 DAYS 15 DAYS COUNTRIES EXCEPT DENMARK BORDER CROSSINGS INTO 23 CALENDAR 23 CALENDAR DENMARK DAYS DAYS EXCEPTION TO POLICY 7 DAYS 12 DAYS RECURRING MARCH CREDIT - A pre-arranged movement bid which will be utilized by the unit at least 15 times during the year. A unit must activate a recurring march credit 72 hours (three working days) prior to the requested sp time. The request is sent to the corresponding hmct, utilizing the bid’s administrative reference number. Recurring march credits must be updated annually. If a recurring march credit is not used the minimum of 15 times the bid administrative number will be automatically canceled. Recurring march credits may only be granted for moves within a singular german state. Recurring march credits cannot be made for moves crossing state borders. Processing time is approximately two weeks. LATE (SPECIAL) MARCH CREDIT BID - a late march credit bid does not meet the minimum time requirements submission for a late march credit bid requires the following: A complete e form 1060 or 55-in A hand written or typed reason for why the request was late (may be either in a separate memorandum or annotated on the bottom of the march credit bid. Authentication by a LTC(O5) this authentication may be either annotating the name, rank, duty position and phone number on the march credit bid below the reason for lateness or submitting a letter of lateness. In either case, the signature of the authenticating officer is required. The authenticating official should be from the unit which caused the march credit to be late. Late request are processed in sequence and are not guaranteed to move on the requested date. It is important to submit the request for march credits at the earliest possible date. It is imperative that the actual march credit request has the maximum processing time available. No late march bids will be grated unless the authentication requirement is met! Failure to plan moves for training exercises is not an acceptable reason for submitting a late request. Insufficient planning is not a valid reason for making a special request. The following are examples of unacceptable reasons for late march bids: Unit needs to run gas out of vehicle so they can turn them in Unit did not realize a march credit was needed. Change in training Reasons stating why the unit needs to move, not stating why the move is late. Bottom line: an approved late march credit bid should be considered an exception to policy the rule, not the standard. Next: Exceptions To March Credit Policy

Types Of March Credits Routine Recurring Late PRE-ARRANGED BID Location Standard Oversized/ Overweight IN GERMANY 5 Days 10 Days BORDER CROSSINGS INTO ALL COUNTRIES EXCEPT DENMARK 15 Days BORDER CROSSINGS INTO DENMARK 23 Days EXCEPTION TO POLICY 7 Days Authentication Letter Required From O5 UTILIZED AT LEAST 15 TIMES DURING THE YEAR. EForm 1060 or 55 And written excuse Excuse ACTIVATE 72 HOURS (THREE WORKING DAYS) PRIOR Not Guaranteed Routine Recurring Late

Exceptions To March Credit Policy An exception to policy is a routine movement bid with a requested move that falls on a restricted time period. An ETP letter signed by a COL (O-6) or above in a command position from the unit requesting the movement of assets (customer) is required with the march bid request. ETP letters require 12 working days to process for oversized equipment and 7 working days for routine movements. This letter is not guaranteed approval for the requested date. Requested moves which exceed both a 50 military load classification (MLC) or greater and the distance of 75 kms, must have a letter requesting an exception to policy sign by a brigade commander in the rank of Colonel. Cost savings will not be valid excuse for preference of HET use over rail. The letter should also state: weight height width length(loaded and unloaded), real weight per axle, distance between axles, wheels per axles, width per wheel and the axle with the most weight. This info is re- for truck and trailer. These march credits must be applied for at the earliest possible time. Next: Section 3 – Convoy Establishment

Exceptions To March Policy ETP LETTER ETP SIGNED BY O6 IN COMMAND POSITIOn 12 WORKING DAYS (OVERSIZE) 7 WORKING DAYS (ROUTINE) Exceptions To March Policy

Section 3 – Convoy Establishment Next: Convoy Identification

Convoy Establishment

Convoy Identification FLAGS: 12” High, 18” Wide On Left Side Of Designated Vehicle, Colors: Blue Flag - First Vehicle, Green Flag - Last Vehicle, Black And White Flag -- March Unit Commander MARKINGS: Clearance # prominently marked on both sides of each vehicle. In addition, the lead vehicle is required to have the clearance # on its front hood. The last vehicle is required to have the clearance # on the rear. The lead vehicle will also have a sign with the word “Convoy Follows” and “Kolonne Folgt”. The last vehicle will have the words “Convoy Ends” and “End Der Kolonne”. The sign will be in 3” letters on a background board 18” by 48”. Lettering will not obscure taillights, directional signals or factory installed reflectors. WARNING LIGHTS: Lead vehicles will have at least one (but not more than two) Rotating Amber Warning Lights System (RAWLS) the convoy commander will determine which remaining vehicles should be equipped with warning lights based on visibility, weather conditions and convoy spacing. The last vehicle will have at least one ( but not more than two) rotating amber warning lights. LIGHTS: The headlights on all vehicles in the convoy will be on low beam in the daytime. AMMUNITION HAULING: Vehicles carrying ammunition must have an orange placard on the front and rear of vehicles. Next: Order Of March

Lead, Trail, and both sides of All Flags Markings Warning Lights Lights Ammunition Clearance # Lead, Trail, and both sides of All Lead Vehicle Lead Vehicle Convoy Follows Kolonne Folgt Front and Read On All Vehicles With Ammunition Rear Vehicle Trail Vehicle Convoy Follows End Der Kolonne All Headlights On Convoy Commander RAWLS Convoy Identification

Next: Section 4 – Convoy Briefing Order Of March Convoy Commanders vehicle : can be anywhere within the convoy except the first or last vehicle and will be outfitted with a diagonal black/white flag and commo Rear vehicle : will be outfitted with a green flag/commo and a placard visibly displayed on the rear of the tailgate that reads in the host nations language and in English “CONVOY AHEAD” Pace vehicle : will be THE SLOWEST VEHICLE in the convoy and will be outfitted with a blue flag/commo and a placard visibly displayed on the front of the grill that reads in the host nations language and in English “CONVOY FOLLOWS” Recovery vehicle : will be capable of recovering the largest vehicle in the convoy and will be equipped with commo and a rotating Rawls light Next: Section 4 – Convoy Briefing

Order Of March placard placard REAR VEHICLE RECOVERY VEHICLE SERIAL / CONVOY CDR PACE VEHICLE

Section 4 – Convoy Briefing BEFORE A CONVOY DEPARTS ON A MISSION, THE COMMANDER BRIEFS ALL CONVOY MEMBERS. THE FOLLOWING AREAS SHOULD BE COVERED WITH ADJUSTMENTS TO SUIT THE LOCAL CONDITIONS: Next: The Convoy Briefing

Convoy Briefing

Next: Making a Convoy Strip Map The Convoy Briefing SITUATION: FRIENDLY FORCES SUPPORT UNITS ENEMY SITUATION MISSION TYPE OF CARGO ORIGIN DESTINATION EXECUTION GENERAL ORGANIZATION TIME SCHEDULE ROUTES SPEED CATCH-UP SPEED VEHICLE DISTANCE EMERGENCY MEASURES ACTION OF CONVOY AND SECURITY PERSONNEL IF AMBUSH MEDICAL SUPPORT ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS: PERSONNEL CONTROL BILLETING MESSING COMMAND AND SIGNAL CONVOY COMMANDERS LOCATION ASSISTANT CONVOY COMMANDER DESIGNATION SECURITY FORCES COMMANDER’S ACTION SERIAL COMMANDERS RESPONSIBILITIES ARM AND HAND SIGNALS OTHER PREARRANGED SIGNALS RADIO FREQUENCIES AND CALL SIGNS SAFETY HAZARDS OF ROUTES WEATHER CONDITIONS DEFENSIVE DRIVING Next: Making a Convoy Strip Map

Convoy Briefing Read Handout SITUATION MISSION EXECUTION ADMIN AND LOGISTICS COMMAND AND SIGNAL SAFETY

Making a Convoy Strip Map ????? Next: Section 5 – Convoy Procedures

STRIP MAP EXAMPLE OF A PLANNED VEHICLE ROUTE FOR OVERSIZED VEHICLES LEGEND ROM POINT CSC/ RON CHOKE POINTS PRIMARY HET ROUTE SLAV BROD - KUTINA : 116KM KUTINA - BARCS : 91KM BARCS - TASZAR : 86KM TOTAL : 293KM MSR BRANDON HTD LETENYE TASZAR 7 61 12 KAPOSVAR MSR CUPID VARAZDIN SZIGETVAR 12 3 BARCS PECS ZELINA VEROVITICA ALTERNATE HET ROUTE SLAV BROD - ZAGREB : 179KM ZAGREB - VARAZDIN : 65KM VARAZDIN - LETENYE : 39KM LETENYE - TASZAR : 123KM TOTAL : 406KM ZAGREB DRAVASZABOLCS V. ZDENCI MSR PAUL CSC PLESO RON MSR HOWDY NASICE LIPOVAC E70 MSR SNYDER DAKOVO KUTINA SLAVONSKI BROD MSR STEVE OKUCANI VALICA KOPANICA CROATIA 8TH MCT KUTINA ROM BOSNIA

Section 5 – Convoy Procedures Next: Detailed Procedures

Convoy Procedures

Next: Rest Stop Actions Detailed Procedures Deviations of more than 15 minutes to the departure time given on the march credit requires the moving unit to call the HMCT for a new sp time. Unit/convoy commanders are prohibited form changing routes and composition of convoys without prior approval of the HMCT that issued the march credit. March units will not exceed 25 vehicles. At least five minutes will separate march units. At least 15 minutes will serials. Intervals between vehicles in an column march unit will be a minimum of 100 meters on autobahns and 50 meters on secondary roads. Intervals between vehicles in cities reduced to 25 meters. The convoy commander must have the completed ae form 55-1 (road movement bid and march credit granted form) with the valid march credit number at all times. Next: Rest Stop Actions

Detailed Convoy Procedures Departure Time Route Changes March Units March Unit Separation 15 Minutes Of SP Or Call HMCT Changes Prohibited w/out Approval 25 Vehicles Max 5 Minutes Min. Serial Separation Vehicle Intervals Intervals in City AE Form 55-1 15 Minutes Min. 100M Autobahn 50M Secondary 25 Meters Always Available Filled Out

Rest Stop Actions Next: Section 6 – Convoy Commander Responsibilities Vehicles with limited range capability will refuel upon entering rest stop All vehicles will stage at a designated area away from civilians and establish security Upon stopping all personnel will assist with D-PMCS actions Upon completion of D-PMCS all personnel will check load security Once all actions are complete personnel will establish security and determine chow priority for personnel Once all personnel have eaten a sensitive item inventory and personnel accountability will be conducted prior to commencement of Convoy Operations Next: Section 6 – Convoy Commander Responsibilities

Rest Stop Actions 1. Limited Range Vehicles Refuel First 2. Stage Away From Civilians in Designated Area and Put Out Security 3. Conduct During PMCS on All Vehicles 4.Check Load Security on All Vehicles 5. Chow by Priority 6. Before Leaving - Sensitive Item Inventory & Personnel Accountability Rest Stop Actions

Section 6 – Convoy Commander Responsibilities Next: Convoy Commanders Duties (1 of 2)

Convoy Commander Responsibilities

Convoy Commanders Duties (1 of 2) STARTS INITIAL PLANNING STEPS ALERTS UNIT OPERATION REVIEWS OPERATION ORDER SCHEDULES CONVOY COMMANDERS BRIEFING WITH THE BATTALION S3 OFFICER. ATTENDS CONVOY COMMANDER’S BRIEFING TAKES NOTES, AND UPDATES MAPS. PREPARES CONVOY COMMANDERS CHECKLIST. CONDUCTS A MAP RECONNAISSANCE TO SELECT AND MARK ROUTES / SITES NOT DICTATED BY HIGHER HEADQUARTERS. CONDUCT A GROUND RECONNAISSANCE (IF TIME PERMITS) AND NOTES ON THE MAP CLEARANCES OF OVERHEAD STRUCTURES/OBSTACLES; LOAD CLASSIFICATIONS: SPEED LIMITS; AND REST, MESS AND REFUELING SITES THAT WILL SAFELY ACCOMMODATE CONVOY PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT. REVIEWS RECONNAISSANCE MAP AND MAKES FINAL SELECTION OF PRIMARY AND ALTERNATE ROUTES, AND REST, MESS, AND REFUELING AREAS. GIVES A COPY OF THE MAP WITH ALL CONVOY INFORMATION MARKED ON IT TO BATTALION S3 AND REQUESTS A CLEARANCE IF NOT ALREADY INITIATED. ALSO REQUESTS THAT THE MOVE BE PLOTTED AND A COPY OF THE MOVEMENT GRAPH BE ISSUED. Next: Convoy Commanders Duties (2 of 2)

Convoy Commanders Duties (1 of 2) 1. Initial Planning 2. Schedule Briefing 3. Attend Briefing 4. Commanders Checklist Start! For Convoy Commanders For Convoy Commanders Prepare 5. Map Recon 6. Ground Recon 7. Route Selection 8. Coordinate w/S3 Conduct Conduct (Time Permitting) On Map Maps and Overlays

Convoy Commanders Duties (2 of 2) COORDINATES TO OBTAIN ARTILLERY SUPPORT WITH ARTILLERY UNIT. MARKS ON THE MAP THE RANGE LIMITATIONS OF EACH ARTILLERY UNIT. PLANS/COORDINATES WITH THE ESCORT AND SECURITY ELEMENTS (MILITARY POLICE UNITS) SECURITY FIRE SUPPORT, AIR SUPPORT, AND CONVOY COMMUNICATIONS NEEDS. DIRECTS THE PLACEMENT OF THE GUIDES AND SIGNS ALONG THE CONVOY ROUTES. ISSUES WORK ASSIGNMENTS TO SUBORDINATE ELEMENT COMMANDERS AND BRIEFS THEM ON PERFORMANCE STANDARDS REQUIRED. DIRECTS OPERATION SECTION TO PREPARE STRIP MAPS AND/OR OVERLAYS (AS REQUIRED). PREPARES FOR VEHICLE MOVEMENT. PERFORMS VEHICLE PMCS MARKS VEHICLES FOR CONVOY MOVE. ESTABLISHES CONVOY COMMUNICATIONS. Next: Close & AAR

Convoy Commanders Duties (2 of 2) 9. Artillery 10. Artillery 11. Coordinate 12. Signs and Guides Coordinate Support Plot Limits on Map w/Supporting Elements Direct Placement 13. Work Assignments 14. Strip Maps 15. Vehicles To Subordinates Get From Ops PMCS & Prepare

Next: None Close & AAR Introduction and rules Review of objectives and intent Training objectives Commander's mission/intent (what was supposed to happen) OPFOR commander's mission/intent Relevant doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) Summary of recent events (what happened) Discussion of key issues Chronological order of events Battlefield operating system (BOS) Key events/themes/issues Discussion of optional issues Soldier/leader skills Tasks to sustain/improve Statistics Others Discussion of force protection (safety) Closing comments (summary) Next: None

After Action Review

CONVOY BRIEFING ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS: COMMAND AND SIGNAL PERSONNEL CONTROL BILLETING MESSING COMMAND AND SIGNAL CONVOY COMMANDERS LOCATION ASSISTANT CONVOY COMMANDER DESIGNATION SECURITY FORCES COMMANDER’S ACTION SERIAL COMMANDERS RESPONSIBILITIES ARM AND HAND SIGNALS OTHER PREARRANGED SIGNALS RADIO FREQUENCIES AND CALL SIGNS SAFETY HAZARDS OF ROUTES WEATHER CONDITIONS DEFENSIVE DRIVING SITUATION: FRIENDLY FORCES SUPPORT UNITS ENEMY SITUATION MISSION TYPE OF CARGO ORIGIN DESTINATION EXECUTION GENERAL ORGANIZATION TIME SCHEDULE ROUTES SPEED CATCH-UP SPEED VEHICLE DISTANCE EMERGENCY MEASURES ACTION OF CONVOY AND SECURITY PERSONNEL IF AMBUSH MEDICAL SUPPORT

Convoy Operations (Admin) Pre-Test What are the three types of road classifications as determined by STANAG 2174? A) 1, 2 or 3, B) X,Y or Z, C)Traffic, oversized, limited The green convoy flag goes on the lead vehicle of a convoy. A) True, B) False What is the largest element of a convoy? A) march unit, B) serial, C) column, D) convoy commanders Who is responsible for the vehicles and personnel of a convoy from SP to RP? A) company commander, B) squad leader, C) plt sgt, D) convoy commander How many different types of Convoy Support Centers are there? A) five, B) four, C) three, D) two What does the first two numbers on a march credit stand for? A) number of vehicles in the convoy, B) date of the convoy move, C) hour of move What can cause a problem in a convoy? What is the time limit for a routine march credit for standard vehicles? A) 5 days, B) 10 days, C) 7 days, D) 2 days is fine What is the time limit for a routine march credit for oversized/overweight vehicles? A) 7 days, B) 3 weeks, C) 10 days, D) 1 month How many miles are there in a line haul? A) 20 MILES, B) 95 MILES, C) 144 KM , D) 90 MILES