Billy Frank Uclan

 How did I get here?  Fabians/Labour wartime planning  Colonial drive for ‘co-operation’  Need for training (and staff – European and African)  Effective Colonial Development Policy?  Training in Co-operative methods  Curriculum

“I doubt if the importance of co-operative enterprise in the healthy development of colonial areas has been properly comprehended even by those who have been most ardent in checking abuses and working for the general prosperity and social well being of the colonial peoples” Review of International Co-operation (ICA) July 1943

East AfricalocationRegistrar Kenya(Nairobi)A G L Leslie Uganda(Entebbe)A J Kerr Tanganyika(Moshi)R S W Malcolm Central Africa Nyasaland(Zomba)H Bingham Northern Rhodesia(Lusaka)J L Boyd Wilson West Africa Nigeria(Ibadan)R H Gretton Gold Coast(Accra)M Hewson Sierra Leone(Njala)A K L Hill Gambia(Bathurst)W L Rickets

TerritoryMarketing Socs. Credit Socs. Consumer Socs. Other Socs. Total Reg. Socs. Total Members Paid up share capital N. Rhodesia (£ est.) , ,758214, ,560227,537 Nyasaland ,4215, ,0977,715 Kenya 1945 Figures not available ,200 Not available Tanganyika ,84627, ,68580, ,09690,920

TerritoryMarketing Socs. Credit Socs. Consumer Socs. Other Socs. Total Reg. Socs. Total Members Paid up share capital Uganda (£ est.) ,99324, ,62032,149 Gold Coast ,10045, ,344197, ,189310,810 Nigeria ,2637, ,57745, ,09164,29449,470 Sierra Leone ,3791, ,2142,243

 Wartime committees  Advisory Committee on Cooperatives ◦ Exists in one form or another from 1946 ◦ Digby and Surridge, Marshall et al ◦ Department of Technical Cooperation 1961 (col dev) ◦ CO – CRO become Commonwealth Office 1966  Ministry of Overseas Development 1964  Consultative Panel on Co-operation  Overseas Development Administration

 “Since the pattern has been created on British lines and out of British experience we consider that there should be a continuing interest in Britain in Co-operative Development in all the countries of the Commonwealth and the Department of Technical Co-operation should coordinate all possible types of assistance from Britain.”  Role of ‘advice’, ‘assistance’, ‘aid’ – funded through the various Regional Programmes

 A Manual of Cooperative Law and Practice [by] B. J. Surridge and Margaret Digby Prepared Under the Auspices of the Horace Plunkett Foundation for Cooperative Studies  1948, 1958, 1967, 1978

 By mid-1960s government looking to (perhaps) ‘freshen up’ advisory committees generally (Castle)  ‘expert generation’