Heads-up Display Evolution to Today By: Danila Alferov & Siddhant Bhatnagar

Agenda Introduction Overview History Design Factors Applications Google Glasses Visions

Introduction Heads-up Displays (HUDs) initially developed for aviation are now widely distributed and incorporated in media as well as computing technology. Google Glasses, a novel product expected to release this year, is projected to push the boundaries of this technology. It will combine the use of HUD with eye tracking technology in the form of user controllable glasses.

Overview Heads-up displays allow users to receive data on a screen in front of them. Each HUD has three parts The combiner, which is the surface the data is projected on The projector unit, which puts out the image A video generation computer, which creates the images. The projection unit is an optical collimator setup: a convex lens or concave mirror with a Cathode Ray Tube, light emitting diode, or liquid crystal display at its focus.

An optic collimator can be used to replicate a target at any given distance without an apparent overlap. (See Figure 1) The combiner is coated with a transparent film that allows all other light to pass through. It reflects or refracts the light generated by the projector unit, making it appear to float on the screen. Figure 1 : An HUD of a military plane . Notice the display appears overlaid with the background rather on top of it. [1]

Figure 2 : German Plane with reflector sight in 1937 [2] History The HUD we know today evolved from the reflector sight on German planes in 1937. They allowed targeting assistance to be added to a scope and displayed information such as air speed velocity and attack angle. Figure 2 : German Plane with reflector sight in 1937 [2]

Figure 3 : Image of the Blackburn Buccaneer [3] The Buccaneer The Blackburn Buccaneer developed for the British Royal Navy and Royal Air Force was the first plane with a built-in heads-up display. Figure 3 : Image of the Blackburn Buccaneer [3] Was prototyped in 1958, but flew for the British from 1968 until 1994.

Figure 4 : Example of HUD in a car [4] HUDs in Cars The first heads-up display was added to the Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme in 1988. There were also some included on Toyotas in 1991. Figure 4 : Example of HUD in a car [4] Currently, heads-up displays are offered by many different car manufacturers, and as third-party add-ons.

Design Specifications Field of View: indicates the angle(s), vertically as well as horizontally, subtended at the observer’s eye, in which the combiner displays symbols in relation to the outside view. Collimation: The projected image is collimated which makes the light rays parallel. This means that the observer's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside world and the HUD display.

Eyebox: Visible area of HUD Modern HUD eyeboxes are usually about 5 lateral by 3 vertical by 6 longitudinal inches. Luminance/contrast — Displays have adjustments in luminance and contrast to account for ambient lighting. Scaling - The displayed image are scaled to present to the observer a picture that overlays the outside world in an exact 1:1 relationship.

Figure 5 : Military soldier utilizing HUD technology [5] Applications Heads-up displays are appearing on more consumer technology including: ski goggles tools for runners more complicated automobile peripherals Figure 5 : Military soldier utilizing HUD technology [5] MicroVision is currently working with Pioneer to create a large heads-up display that can work with your smartphone to add in directions.

Virtual Retina Display Shoots a beam of light directly on the retina to display an image in front of the wearer’s eye. Development since 1991 Figure 6 : Virtual Retina Display illustrated [6] It will allow for the development of head-mounted displays, which serve as a HUD for the human eye.

Gaming Industry Players use HUDs to keep track of their health, ammunition or objective. Map Objective Ammo Score Figure 7 : HUD example Call of Duty: Black Ops 2. [7] A technique that evolved especially as first-person perspective games, like shooters and RPGs, became mainstream. They've also appeared in sci-fi movies as part of everyday technology.

Project X: Google Glasses Aims to create augmented reality glasses At the simplest this means receiving text messages emails real-time directions Figure 8 : An individual wearing Google Glasses [8] http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=9c6W4CCU9M4

Controlling Google Glasses Voice Control Holographic Keyboard (Patent Registered) Eye Motion Figure 9: Google Glasses will be sold with an additional projector piece to create a holographic keyboard when voice control isn’t an option. [9] Google has taken the capabilities of augmented reality to another level transcending expectations into the world of sci-fi

Vision (future) General Motors is working on a full windshield heads-up display that will work with elements of augmented reality to: highlight roads and street signs display GPS directions display the building you’re driving toward Figure 10: Futuristic illustration of windshield capable of highlighting signs and buildings [10] Figure 11: Holographic projection creates a HUD in a vehicle’s wing mirror. [11]

Patents for Future Apple working on Advanced Display for Future Video Glasses since 2006, registered patent in July, 2012 It is the first HUD with Retina DisplayTM

References [7] Black ops 2 multiplayer secrets: trailer analysis. (2012, August 08). Retrieved from http://www.vg247.com/2012/08/08/black-ops-2-multiplayer-secrets-trailer-analysis/ [1], Heads-up display. (2013, January 17). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-up_display [11] Graham-Rowe, D. (2009, October 16). Head-up displays go holographic. Retrieved from http://www.technologyreview.com/news/415755/head-up-displays-go-holographic/ [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [10]. Stark, C. (2012, February 26). The long and winding road to personal heads-up displays. Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2012/02/26/heads-up-displays/ [8] Stern, J. (2012, April 05). Google glasses: Will you want google tracking your eyes?. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/04/google-glasses-will-you-want-google-tracking-your-eyes/ Wilson, G. (2006, February 03). Off with their huds!: Rethinking the heads-up display in console game design. Retrieved from http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130948/off_with_their_huds_rethinking_.php [9] Thompson, N. (2013, January 21) Patent granted for Google’s glasses with projector. Retrieved from http://www.projectorpoint.co.uk/news/patent-granted-for-googles-glasses-with-projector-188287