Human rights-based approach to development programming 2-day training course 6 – 7 May 2013

6 May: Programme – 09.00Morning coffee/tea and croissants – 09.30Introduction and presentation of the programme – 09.45Voices of the Poor – 10.30What is a HRBA ? – 10.45Coffee/tea – 12.30The human rights system 12.30– 13.30Lunch – 14.00Summing up group work – 14.30Introduction of HRBA to the 4 steps in the project cycle – 14.45Coffee/Tea – 15.30Group work on HURBA-land – Task – 16.00Questions and discussion

What is poverty? Write on Post-Its the typical features of a poor person

Voices of the Poor "Poverty is lack of freedom, enslaved by crushing daily burden, by depression and fear of what the future will bring." — Georgia "If you want to do something and have no power to do it, it is talauchi (poverty)." — Nigeria "Lack of work worries me. My children were hungry and I told them the rice is cooking, until they fell asleep from hunger." — an older man from Bedsa, Egypt. "For a poor person everything is terrible - illness, humiliation, shame. We are cripples; we are afraid of everything; we depend on everyone. No one needs us. We are like garbage that everyone wants to get rid of." — a blind woman from Tiraspol, Moldova "When one is poor, she has no say in public, she feels inferior. She has no food, so there is famine in her house; no clothing, and no progress in her family." — a woman from Uganda

Examples mentioned by poor people to increase their freedom of choice and improve their lives Material assetsEmployment, ownership of assets, land, houseRight to work (Art. 23) Right to property (Art. 17) Bodily healthFreedom from hunger and disease, strong, healty looking bodies Right to health (Article 25) Bodily integrityFreedom from violence and abuse, sexual and reproductive choice, freedom of physical movement Right to freedom from torture (Art. 5) Emotional integrityFreedom from fear and anxiety and lovePreamble (Freedom from fear) Respect and dignitySelf-respect, respect from others and the communityDuties to the community and respect of rights (Art. 29) Social belongingBelonging to a collective, honour, respect and trustRight of everyone to form trade unions (Art. 8 I ICCPR) Cultural identityLiving in accordance with one’s values and ritualsRight to participate in cultural life (Art. 27) Imagination, information and education Informed and educated decision making, literacy, entrepreneurship and expressive arts Right to education (Art. 26) Organizational capacityAbility to organize and mobilizeRight to freedom of association (Art. 20) Political representation and accountability Ability to influence those in power, accountability of those in power Right to take part in government (Art. 21)

Preamble, UN Charter (1945) We the Peoples of the United Nations Determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom

1950s – 1989: Cold War & East/West stereotypes © DIHR Berlin wall ”Iron Curtain” International Covenant Civil and political rights (1966) Rights to physical integrity Liberty and security of person Procedural fairness and rights of the accused Individual liberties Political rights International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) Labour rights The right to social security The right to family life The right to an adequate standard of living The right to health The right to free education The right to participation in cultural life

1986: Declaration on the right to development PREAMBLE: “Development is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom.” New aspects –Development is perceived as a realization of the greatest number of human rights (and all human rights are equally important) –A specific focus on empowerment of all people to decide the content and the process of development (active and meaningful participation in the development of own life and society)

Some important steps The Declaration of the Right to Development (1986) – non binding but affirms close links between civil and economic rights and development. Vienna Conference on Human Rights (1993) – affirms the indivisibility of human rights. World Social Development Summit in Copenhagen in 1995 – brought further momentum to the indivisibility of rights. UN reform: Human Rights based development (1997) Influential publications: Amartya Sen’s “Development as Freedom” (1999) and UNDP Human Development Report (2000)

Human Development… Is the process of enhancing people’s capabilities to expand choices and opportunities so that they can take control of their lives Human Development need the standards and legal guarantees of human rights to avoid being threatened THE LINKAGES BETWEEN… …and Human rights… All people have claims to social arrangements that protect them from the worst abuses and deprivations- and that secure the freedom for a life of dignity The realization of human rights requires capacities that development can make possible

The added value of HRBA Basic Needs and Sustainable Livelihoods approaches Human Rights Based Approaches StakeholdersRight-holders and duty-bearers Needs are met through charity and benevolence Development is an entitlement Do not take power relations into accountProvides a framework for the analysis of power and authority Needs are met and satisfiedRights are realised (respected, protected and fulfilled) Basic needs can be met through outcome strategies Attention is paid equally to outcome and process From UNICEF Global Guidelines to Human Rights Programming

United Nations definition of HRBA

What is HRBA 1)Human rights constitute the GOAL for development programming through the standards that are found in the HR-framework. 1)Human Rights informes the PROCES of development practise through the principles anchored in the HR- framework. 1)Human rights define the TARGET GROUP and the ANALYTICAL FOCUS for development programming (both duty-bearers and rights-holders)

Menneskerettighedsprincipper The core principles: 1.Universality and inalienability (for everyone, rights cannot be taken away) 2.Indivisibility (no hierarchy) 3.Inter-dependence and inter-relatedness inalienability 4.Participation and inclusion 5.Accountability 6.Non-discrimination and equality

PANEL-principperne Participation Accountability Non-discrimination, Equality and Attention to vulnerable groups Empowerment Linkages to human rights standards, progressive realisation of rights and non- retrogression.

16 Duty-Bearer State is the primary Rights-Holder Individuals (& groups) Fulfil obligations towards Claim rights from The State has the obligation to: - Respect - Protect - Fulfil …human rights The individual is empowered by: - Knowledge - Recognition - Access …to claim their rights HRBA= CAPACITATING RIGHTS HOLDERS & DUTY BEARERS Fig: Developed by MLR, DIHR PANEL accr. by Ampora Tomas P articipation A ccountability & Rule of Law N on-discrimination, Equality & Vulnerable grps E mpowerment L inkages to HR Framework: System & standards International, Regional and National Human Rights SYSTEMS

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