CO 2 efficiency in European steel, cement and paper industry Long term vision on technological developments

2Marisa Korteland – 10/13/2010 CE Delft Independent research and consultancy organisation Since 1978 Aim: develop innovative solutions to environmental problems Working areas: —environmental economics —transport —energy —chain management Clients: governments (local/regional/national/EU), businesses and NGOs

3Marisa Korteland – 10/13/2010 CAN Europe study Goal: Insight in feasibility of 80-95% emission reduction in 2050, given current technological practices Approach: Three sectors, 41% of EU industrial emissions Three types of technologies: ―‘break through’ >25%, , competitive ―‘potential break through >25%, , R&D needed ―‘back up’ options fit <25% and/or higher costs Energy use, production process and carbon capture and storage (CCS) Sector analysis and interviews

4Marisa Korteland – 10/13/2010 Results ‘Break through’ options for emission reductions: Steel, 50 to 80%: —Hisarna (coke free steelmaking) with CCS —Fastmelt (rotary hearth direct iron-ore reduction process) with CCS —Top Gas Recycling (configuration of current blast furnaces) with CCS Cement, 90 to >100%: —Magnesium based clinker (Novacem) —Oxyfuel firing and lime stone based clinker with CCS Paper, >90%: —Black liquor gasification with CCS Future options: —Electrolysis (steel) —Innovation in drying techniques (paper)

5Marisa Korteland – 10/13/2010 Policy consequences How to stimulate further technological development? How to incite companies to act? Via: —Marktconditions (EU ETS) —Financial support pilot projects Recommendations: —Report CE Delft ( —Brochure CAN Europe