USI 13 JUN

SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION  INTRODUCTION  CHINESE CAPABILITIES IN SPACE  INDIAN VULNERABILITIES  OPTIONS FOR INDIA  INDIAN ASAT : THE NECESSITY  INDIAN ASAT : THE URGENCY  INDIAN SPACE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE  CONCLUSION 2

POWER TRANSITION THEORY THE POWER TRANSITION THEORY WAS PROPOUNDED BY AFK ORGANSKI IN HIS BOOK “WORLD POLITICS” PUBLISHED IN 1958 IT IS A THEORY ABOUT THE CYCLICAL NATURE OF WAR, IN RELATION TO POWER IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 3

POWER TRANSITION THEORY BY AFK ORGANSKI “AN EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND MILITARY CAPABILITIES BETWEEN CONTENDING GROUPS OF STATES IS LIKELY TO INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF WAR; PEACE IS PRESERVED BEST WHEN THERE IS AN IMBALANCE OF NATIONAL CAPABILITIES BETWEEN DISADVANTAGED AND ADVANTAGED NATIONS; THE AGGRESSOR WILL COME FROM A SMALL GROUP OF DISSATISFIED STRONG COUNTRIES; AND IT IS THE WEAKER, RATHER THAN THE STRONGER; POWER THAT IS MOST LIKELY TO BE THE AGGRESSOR”. 4

CHINA’S ASSERTIVE ENGAGEMENT IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER HU JINTAO PRESIDENT PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA “THE FUTURE AND DESTINY OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA IS MORE AND MORE CLOSELY LINKED TO THE FUTURE AND DESTINY OF THE WORLD. CHINA’S DEVELOPMENT CANNOT BE DONE WITHOUT THE WORLD, AND THE WORLD’S DEVELOPMENT NEEDS CHINA.” 5

CHINA’S PEACEFUL RISE : THE IMPACT ECONOMICALLY STRONG (MORE THAN 3 TRILLION $ FOREIGN RESERVE) FRANTIC PACE OF MODERNISATION OF PLA NUCLEAR POWER (WITH NO EMBARGO – NFU CLAUSE MISSING FROM WHITE PAPER 2013) ASAT TESTS MODERNISATION OF SUBMARINE FLEET INDUCTION OF STEALTH AIRCRAFTS INDUCTION OF AIRCRAFT CARRIER LIAONING MILITARY BUILD UP IN ‘TAR’ AGAINT INDIA SHIFTING CORE INTERESTS 6

THE SHIFTING PIVOT THE PEACEFUL RISE OF CHINA –ECONOMIC –TECHNOLOGICAL – MILITARY WORLD-WIDE ECONOMIC REACH RETURN OF ‘MIDDLE KINGDOM’ SYNDROME THE “PACIFIC PIVOT” COUNTER-BALANCING “ PACIFIC PIVOT ” THE RESULTANT TURBULENCE IN ASIA 7

THE TURBULENCE IN ASIA REGION WITH INTENSE ACTIVITY –ECONOMIC –MILITARY –DIPLOMATIC REGION WITH INTENSE COMPETITION COMPETITION LEADING TO CONFRONTATION : CHINA’S HEGEMONY –CHINA vs JAPAN MARITIME –CHINA vs VIETNAMDIAOYU/SENKAKU –CHINA vs PHILLIPINES SCARBOROUGH SHOAL –CHINA vs BRUNEI SPRATLY ISLANDS –CHINA vs MALAYSIAPARACEL ISLANDS –CHINA vs TAIWAN –CHINA VS INDIATERRITORIAL 8

SENKAKU/DIAOYU 9

10 THE SHOW OF STRENGTH OVER SENKAKU / DIAOYU

“YOU'VE CROSSED THE BORDER, PLEASE GO BACK” 11

THE FOUR TENT STRATEGY 12 7

CHINESE PHILOSPHY OF MODERN WAR ‘WINNING BEFORE FIGHTING’ GAINING INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN WAR THROUGH APPLICATION OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES C4I2SR 13

“THE SPACE OF OPERATIONS BECOMES ALL-DIMENSIONAL AND MILITARY ACTION WILL BE CONDUCTED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN MANY FIELDS, ON LAND, IN THE AIR, IN OUTER SPACE AND IN THE ELECTRONIC FIELD.” General Fu Quanyou Chief of General Staff People’s Liberation Army 20 Feb

CHINESE MILITARY CAPABILITIES IN SPACE 15

ASAT TESTS BY CHINA ASAT TEST OF 2007 MID COURSE INTERCEPTION TEST IN 2010 WHICH WAS RE-VALIDATION OF ASAT TEST REUTERS REPORTED ON 13 MAY 2013 “CHINA FIRES ROCKET CAPABLE OF TARGETING SATELLITES” –ROCKET LIFTED OFF FROM THE XICHANG SATELLITE LAUNCH CENTER AND REACHED A 6,200-MILE ALTITUDE, THE HIGHEST CHINESE SUBORBITAL FLIGHT IN 37 YEARS, SAID JONATHAN MCDOWELL OF THE HARVARD- SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS. –CAPABLE OF DELIVERING AN ASAT WEAPON 16

JONATHAN MCDOWELL FURTHER STATED THAT “THIS CHINESE ROCKET WAS A GROUND-BASED MISSILE THAT WE BELIEVE WOULD BE THEIR FIRST TEST OF AN INTERCEPTOR THAT WOULD BE DESIGNED TO GO AFTER A SATELLITE THAT'S ACTUALLY ON ORBIT” CAPABILITY TO TARGET SATELLITES EVEN IN MEO / HEO 17

CHINESE SPACE WEAPONS PROGRAMMES ASAT LASERS CO-ORBITAL ASAT BALLISTIC MISSILE MANIPULATION OF SATELLITE NETWORK ATTACK BROAD SPECTRUM AND NARROW FREQUENCY JAMMING OF SATELLITE SPACE MINING EMP ASAT TIANGONG-1 SPACE SHIP – UTILITY FOR A MILITARY BASE 18

CO-ORBITAL ASAT : BX-1 MICRO-SATELLITE ABOARD SHENZHOU

IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIA STRATEGIC THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY LIKELIHOOD OF ASIAN SPACE RACE TACTICAL THREAT TO SPACE ASSETS 20

SPACE THEREFORE, WHETHER WE REALIZE IT OR NOT, HAS STARTED TO PLAY AN INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT ROLE IN MILITARY PLANNING & OPERATIONS THE ULTIMATE “ HIGH GROUND ” THE RMA IN 21 ST CENTURY 21

MILITARISATION WEAPONISATION OPTIONS FOR INDIA 22

MILITARISATION OF SPACE THE INDIAN PERSPECTIVE –ISR –SECURE MILITARY COMMUNICATION –EARLY WARNING –NAVIGATION AND POSITIONING –TARGETING FOR PRECISION WEAPONS –SURVEYING AND MAPPING FOR MIL OPS –RADAR IMAGING FOR SURVEILLANCE –METEOROLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR TACTICAL OPERATIONS 23

WHY WEAPONISATION ? INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME HAS BEEN MAINLY FOR DEVELOPING CIVILIAN SPACE APPLICATIONS HOWEVER CHINA’S AGGRESSIVE POSTURING AGAINST INDIA NECESSITATES REVIEW OF SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF OUR SPACE ASSETS AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE WEAPONS TO PROTECT THEM 24

CHINA WORKING ON ‘INFORMATIONALISED WARFARE’ DEPENDENCY ON SATELLITE BASED TECHNOLOGIES HENCE INDIAN ASAT WILL BE THE MOST POTENT WEAPON FOR DETERRENCE AGAINST CHINA 25

IN JANUARY 2010, DR SARASWAT THE HEAD OF DRDO TOLD REPORTERS, “INDIA IS PUTTING TOGETHER BUILDING BLOCKS OF TECHNOLOGY THAT COULD BE USED TO NEUTRALIZE ENEMY SATELLITES. WE ARE WORKING TO ENSURE SPACE SECURITY AND PROTECT OUR SATELLITES. AT THE SAME TIME WE ARE ALSO WORKING ON HOW TO DENY THE ENEMY ACCESS TO ITS SPACE ASSETS.” 26

THE CASE FOR INDIAN ASAT WEAPON 27 NECESSARY AND URGENT

NECESSITY IMPENDING CHINESE THREAT – NECESSITATES A CREDIBLE DETERRENCE WEAPONISATION IS INESCAPABLE FOR INDIA TOWARDS SECURING ITS NATIONAL INTEREST ASAT WEAPONS : THE ONLY WAY AHEAD FOR INDIA TO GAIN ASYMETRIC ADVANTAGE OVER CHINA AVAILABILITY OF ASAT TECH  AGNI – V (FOR ASAT ROLE)  SATELLITES (FOR CO-ORBITAL BOMBARDMENT) 28

AGNI – V : A GAME CHANGER FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN ASAT IN THE WORDS OF DR VK SARASWAT, DG DRDO : “AGNI-V’S LAUNCH HAS USHERED IN FANTASTIC OPPURTUNITIES IN BUILDING ASAT WEAPONS AND LAUNCHING NANO / MICRO SATELLITES ON DEMAND.” ASAT WOULD INCLUDE MARRYING AGNI-V’S PROPULSION SYSTEM WITH THE KILL VEHICLE (AAD) OF THE OF THE SUCCESSFUL II-TIER BMD SYSTEM AN ASAT IS REQUIRES TO REACH AN ALTITUDE OF 800 KM -- AGNI-V WILL GIVE THE BOOSTING CAPABILITY “KILL VEHICLE”-- AAD WITH ADVANCE SEEKERS, WILL BE ABLE TO HOME INTO THE TARGET SATELLITE 29

DR SARASWAT- INDIA WILL NOT TEST ASAT CAPABILITY THROUGH DESTRUCTION OF A SAT TO AVOID SPACE DEBRIS ASAT CAPABILITY WOULD BE FINE TUNED THROUGH SIMULATED ELECTRONIC TESTS VISIBLE DETRRENCE IS A CREDIBLE DETERRENCE LEO ASAT TEST BY INDIA : A FEASIBLE OPTION 30

URGENCY FOR WEAPONISATION OF SPACE BY INDIA IN 2008 EU PROPOSED CoC FOR OUTER SPACE IN JUN 2010 US INDICATED PROPOSING A NEW TREATY FOR RESTRICTIONS ON SPACE BASED WEAPONS EU SPONSORED CoC IN 2012 (REVIEW) CoC IS BEING DEBATED IN UN BY GGE AND LIKELY TO BE RATIFIED IN CoC IS SEEN AS A PRECURSOR FOR A RESTRICTIVE REGIME FOR ASAT WEAPONS CASE ANALOGOUS TO NPT 31

THUS A NEW RESTRICTIVE REGIME ON SPACE WEAPONS IS LIKELY TO FOLLOW FORECLOSE INDIA’S OPTION FOR TESTING ASAT CAPABILTY A CASE SIMILAR TO NUCLEAR APARTHIED HENCE THE URGENCY 32

THE WAY AHEAD INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME NO MATCH TO CHINESE PROGRAMME INDIA SHOULD GO IN FOR ASAT TECHNOLOGY FOR A POTENT AND A CREDIBLE DETERRENCE AGAINST CHINA TO GAIN ASSYMETRIC ADVANTAGES WORK TOWARDS CREATING AN “INDIAN SPACE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE” 33

INDIAN SPACE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE INDIA’S MILITARY REQUIREMENT IN SPACE FOR 21 ST CENTURY 34

INDIA’S SPACE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE OFFENSIVE COMPONENT KINETIC KILL ENERGY (KKE) ASAT CO-ORBITAL ASAT LASER ASAT SYSTEM CRUISE MISSILES IRBM (AGNI V/VI) SPACE MINING : SINGLE ROCKET MULTIPLE SATELLITE LAUNCH (MICRO/NANO/PICO) 35

INDIA’S SPACE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE DEFENSIVE COMPONENT –RISAT FOR SURVEILLANCE –IRNSS FOR PNT –GAGAN FOR AIR SPACE SURVEILLANCE AND MANAGEMENT –CCI-SAT FOR C4 COMPONENT OF C4ISR –NAVAL SAT FOR INT &TACTICAL COMMN –DCN FOR SECURE COMMN –ROBUST SSA NETWORK –BMD (THREE TIER) FOR AIR DEFENCE 36

CONCLUSION OFFENCE IS THE BEST DEFENCE DEMONSTRATED DETERRENCE IS A CAPABLE DETERRENCE (NECESSITY) INDIA’S KKE ASAT : FOR STRATEGIC BALANCE IN ASIAN SPACE (URGENCY) 37

INDIA’S OFFENSIVE SPACE CAPABILITIES WILL ENSURE A CREDIBLE AND A POTENT DETERRENCE AGAINST CHINA 38

A SECURE AEROSPACE FOR INDIA TO PROTECT ITS NATIONAL INTEREST AND PROPEL ITS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES WAY BEYOND THE 21 ST CENTURY, THEREBY MAKING INDIA ‘A LEADING WORLD POWER’ 39

THANKS !!! 40

RISAT-I LAUNCED ON 11 APRIL 2012 SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR 24X7 DAY AND NIGHT ALL WEATHER CAPABILTY DAILY ROUTINE OF 14 ORBITS WITH A REPETITIVE CYCLE OF 25 DAYS RESOLUTION OF UP TO 1 M SURVEILLANCE 41

DEDICATED NAVAL SATELLITE FIRST DEDICATED MILITARY SATELLITE (GSAT-7 OR INSAT-4F) COMBINED NAVAL COMSAT AND NAVAL SURVEILLANCE MISSION TO COVER A SWATH OF ABOUT 1,000 NAUTICAL MILES OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN WILL GREATLY ENHANCE THE INDIAN NAVY’S C4ISR CAPABILITY 42

WILLPROVIDE COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR SEAMLESS FLOW OF INFORMATION ISOLATED FROM THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) ACCESS DATA GENERATED FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES & ASSETS WILL LINK EVERY ASPECT OF MILITARY OPERATION TO A SINGLE POINT OF CONFLUENCE WILL GIVE THE THEATRE CDR A WIDE, ACCURATE & HOLISTIC OVERVIEW OF THE BATTLEFIELD SCENARIO 43

COMMUNICATION CENTRIC INTELLIGENCE-SAT CCI-SAT FIRST COMMUNICATIONS CENTRIC INTELLIGENCE SATELLITE (CCI-SAT) IS PLANNED FOR LAUNCH IN 2014 BEING BUILT BY THE DEFENSE ELECTRONIC RESEARCH LABORATORY A PART OF A LARGER DEVELOPMENT FOR MILITARY INTELLIGENCE ENHANCEMENT UTILIZING ADVANCED ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS CAPABILITY 44

GPS-AIDED GEO-AUGMENTED NAVIGATION (GAGAN) THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS INTRODUCTION OF MODERN COMMUNICATION,NAVIGATION, SURVEILLANCE/AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVER INDIAN AIRSPACE INVOLVES ESTABLISHMENT OF – 15 INDIAN REFERENCE STATIONS – 03 INDIAN NAVIGATION LAND UPLINK STATIONS – 03 INDIAN MISSION CONTROL CENTERS – INSTALLATION OF ALL ASSOCIATED SOFTWARE AND COMMUNICATION LINKS 45

GAGAN WILL INCREASE SAFETY BY USING 3 D APPROACH OPERATION WITH COURSE GUIDANCE TO THE RUNWAY HIGH POSITION ACCURACIES OVER INDIAN AIRSPACE PROVIDES A THREE-METRE ACCURACY POSITIONAL ACCURACIES WILL BE SIMULTANEOUSLY AVAILABLE TO 80 CIVILIAN AND MORE THAN 200 NON- CIVILIAN AIRPORTS AND AIRFIELDS PLANNED (EVENTUALLY 500 AIRFIELDS) 46

AREA OF COVERAGE : GAGAN 47

INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (IRNSS) REGIONAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM WOULD PROVIDE TWO SERVICES –STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE OPEN FOR CIVILIAN USE –RESTRICTED SERVICE (ENCRYPTED ONE) ONLY FOR AUTHORISED USERS (MILITARY) MISSILE TARGETING COULD BE AN IMPORTANT MILITARY APPLICATION FOR THE CONSTELLATION 48

INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (IRNSS) 07 SATELLITES CONSTELLATION 03 SATELLITES WILL BE IN GEO OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN AND 04 IN GSO ALL 07 SATELLITES WOULD HAVE CONTINUOUS RADIO VISIBILITY WITH INDIAN CONTROL STATIONS. SATELLITE PAYLOADS WOULD CONSIST OF ATOMIC CLOCKS AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT TO GENERATE THE NAVIGATION SIGNALS 49

IRNSS ARCHITECTURE 50

SPACE SERVEILLANCE NETWORK SATS FOR SSA SATS EQUIPPED WITH RADARS –ENSURE LAUNCH DETECTS, TRACKS, MEASURES AND CATALOGS ORBITING OBJECTS AND SPACE DEBRIS –IMPROVED ACCURACY –BETTER TIMELINESS –INCREASED SURVEILLANCE COVERAGE FOR BETTER SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TO SECURE SPACE AS “GLOBAL COMMON” 51

DEFENCE COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURE DEFENCE COMN THROUGH DEDICATED COMN SATELLITES NETWORK OF NETWORKS (COMN OF ARMY, NAVY AND AF WILL BE LINKED TO FORM A SECURE DEFENCE COMMUNICATION NETWORK) FIRST PRIVATE – PUBLIC PARTNERSHIP PROJECT 129 ARMY, 162 AF AND 33 NAVAL STATIONS WILL BE LINKED 52

MULTI-TIERED MICRO-SAT CONSTELLATON LESS VULNERABLE TO ENEMY ATTACK NO ROOM FOR SINGLE POINT FAILURES PLACED AT SEVERAL ALTITUDES WELL DISPERSED SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF REDUNDANCY REPLACEMENT AT SHORT NOTICE QUICK RE-LAUNCH AFFORDABLE REPLACEMENTS 53

NEW PERSPECTIVE RE-ALIGNMENT OF SPACE ACTIVITIES AND RE-STRUCTURING OF ORGANIZATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NATIONAL SECURITY 54

SUGGESTIONS REPRESENTATION OF ARMED FORCES IN THE SPACE COMMISSION NEW SPACE DOCTRINE FOR MINISTRY OF DEFENCE INTEGRATED SPACE COMMAND CREATION OF SPACE FORCE FOR CONDUCT OF SPACE OPERATIONS TRAINING OF SPACE FORCE PERSONNEL STRONG TIME BOUND SPACE R&D 55

DEVELOPMENT OF DEMONSTRATION OF INDIAN ASAT CAPABILITY USE OF FOREIGN SATELLITES AS DEFENSIVE STRATEGY ELECTRONIC WARFARE (EW) AND CYBER ATTACK. QUICK LAUNCH / MOBILE LAUNCH CAPABILITY. SPACE SECURITY TREATY FOR NON- OFFENSIVE USE OF SPACE. 56