Ethics Papers 1 & 2 Revision Making Revision Flash cards

Human Relationships Role and purpose of sex Sex is a gift from God and natural Sex should only be between 1 man and 1 woman Sex should be within marriage Commitments and responsibilities Commitment – something you choose to do Responsibility – something you ought to do Religious believers – community Guidelines – 10 Commandments Roles of men and women Men – superior or equal to women Roles in the family Roles in the Church Contraception Catholics – natural methods only as it stops potential conception Other Christians – family planning important but only if both partners agree Christian marriage ceremony Church, bride and groom, vicar, guests Vows, rings, signing marriage register Hymns, prayers, Bible reading Impediments, purpose of marriage Is marriage out of date? Yes Cohabitation – many prefer this Society is changing – attitudes/beliefs Marriage is expensive Increase in divorce Is marriage out of date? No Many still choose to marry Basis for family life Sign of commitment Traditional Civil partnerships Controversial for Christians – marriage is 1 man and 1 woman Some believe teachings need to adapt to suit today’s society

Make a list of key terms for this Topic – put the key word at the top and then the meaning underneath or on the back – someone can then test you or you can test yourself. Include: Roles of men and women in the family Roles of men and women in a Christian family Roles of men and women in the Church family Marriage and marriage ceremonies Marriage ceremonies The ways in which the ceremonies reflect and emphasise Christian teaching about marriage Responses to civil partnerships Divorce Beliefs about the ethics of divorce Beliefs about the ethics of re-marriage Sexual relationships and contraception Beliefs about sexual relationships Beliefs about contraception

Use the key questions to try and make revision cards: Why do some people believe men are superior to women? Why do some people not believe in marriage? Why do some people not approve of civil partnerships? What do Christians believe about divorce? What is the Christian attitude to sex before marriage? What do Christians believe about the sanctity of marriage? What do Christians believe about remarriage after divorce? How do marriage ceremonies reflect Christian belief? How important are the marriage vows? You could make revision flashcards to show the different views. For example, on the following issues: Roles of men and women Marriage and marriage ceremonies Divorce and remarriage Sexual relationships Contraception

You could create revision flashcards to show opposing sides of a debate. Take some of the statements used for evaluation questions such as the ones below, and create one flashcard with ideas that AGREE with the statement and one that DISAGREES with the statement. This will help you to learn the key arguments. “It is the duty of every Christian to be married.” “Divorce is always wrong.” “Using contraception is going against the will of God.” You could create revision flashcards which show the main teachings of Christianity and include some teachings and quotes from Holy books. For example: Wives, in the same way be submissive to your husbands. . . Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them with respect (1 Peter 3:1a,7a) There is neither. . . male nor female. . . for you are all one in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 3:28) Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Neither the sexually immoral. . . nor homosexual offenders. . . (1 Corinthians 6:9) Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit. . . Therefore honour God with your body.( 1 Corinthians 6:19a,20b) “So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.” (Genesis 1:27)

Key terms for the Religion and human relationships Topic: adultery: sex between a married person and a person who is not their spouse commitment: an engagement or obligation contraception: use of artificial or natural methods to prevent conception divorce: legal dissolution of a marriage equality: treating people as equals regardless of gender, race or religious beliefs lesbianism: same-sex relations between women marriage: formal, legal union of two people moral: accepted standards of behaviour procreation: conceiving and having babies sacrament: something which cannot be undone sacred: holy, special sentient being: a being able to sense pain and pleasure, e.g. a human being or animal

Media Forms of media Television Films Books, comics and magazines Internet Portrayal of Christianity in the media Informative Humorous Disrespectful For worship Use of the media by Christianity Evangelising Information To provide worship for people who cannot / do not go to church Objections to portrayal of Christianity in the media Representations of God against the Commandments Inaccurate Objections to the media Portrayal of violence – may lead to violence Portrayal of sex – degrades sex and people Misrepresentation of Christian values Freedom of speech The right of people to express their opinions Is this right absolute? Does it matter if it offends other people? Should it be limited? Censorship Should it be allowed? Who makes decisions to censor? Can it cause damage? Christian teachings Censorship and Freedom of Speech Should there be any control over these? Who should control it and why? Dangers of censorship Examples of censorship

Make a list of key terms for this Topic – put the key word at the top and then the meaning underneath or on the back – someone can then test you or you can test yourself. Include: Relationship with the media The different forms of media The influence of the media Portrayal of Christianity in the media Portrayal of important religious figures Responses and attitudes towards films which focus on religious/philosophical messages Responses and attitudes towards books and comics which focus on religious/philosophical messages Use of the media Using the media to represent Christianity To educate both Christians and non-Christians Censorship/freedom of speech Concept of censorship and freedom of speech Beliefs and attitudes towards the portrayal of violence and sex Attitudes and responses to issues raised by freedom of speech

Key terms for the Religion and the media Topic: censorship: preventing publication or broadcasting of something, usually because it might be offensive to others condone: overlook or accept degradation: humiliation media (pl., singular is medium): the means of mass communication stereotype: a fixed, over-simplified image or view of a person or group watershed: the time after which programmes that are unsuitable for children are broadcast (9 p.m.)

Use the key questions to try and make revision cards: Why do some Christians not approve of the media? Why do some Christians believe that it is wrong to portray religious figures in the media? How might Christians respond to the portrayal of religion in the media? How might Christians use the media? What is meant by censorship? What is meant by free speech? What do Christians believe about the portrayal of sex and violence in the media? Why might some Christians choose to work for the media? How might the media help Christianity?

You could make revision flashcards to show the different views You could make revision flashcards to show the different views. For example, on the following issues: What is the media? Influence of the media Portrayal of Christianity in the media Use of the media by Christianity Censorship and freedom of speech You could create revision flashcards to show opposing sides of a debate. Take some of the statements used for evaluation questions such as the ones below, and create one flashcard with ideas that AGREE with the statement and one that DISAGREES with the statement. This will help you to learn the key arguments. “Religious figures should never be portrayed in the media.” “All censorship is wrong.” “The media is a bad influence.”

You could create revision flashcards which show the main teachings of Christianity and include some teachings and quotes from Holy books. For example: Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for men. (Colossians 3:23) That your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God?. . . honour God with your body. (1 Corinthians 6:19, 20a)

Medical Ethics Abortion Natural abortion – miscarriage Procured abortion Against God’s will Foetus is a person Woman’s right to choose Fertility treatment Playing God Helping a married couple AID is adultery AIH not acceptable to Catholics Could lead to cloning Suicide Only God can choose when someone dies Insult to God May harm others Selfish or brave Euthanasia Peaceful death End of suffering Different types of euthanasia Active euthanasia Person wants to die Unbearable pain and suffering May help relatives Opposed by the Church Passive euthanasia Person may be in PVS No hope of recovery May be the kindest thing No need to use extraordinary means Animals Humans and animals are both God’s creation Humans have dominion not domination Do animals have souls? Animals and medical research Medical research may help cure diseases Animal suffering kept to a minimum Do humans have the right to do this?

Make a list of key terms for this Topic – put the key word at the top and then the meaning underneath or on the back – someone can then test you or you can test yourself. Include: Attitudes to abortion Different attitudes towards abortion Reasons for different attitudes Attitudes to fertility treatment Responses to issues raised by fertility treatment and cloning Attitudes to euthanasia and suicide Different attitudes towards euthanasia Different attitudes towards suicide Using animals in medical research Beliefs about the use of animals in medical research

Key terms for the Religion and medical ethics Topic: abortion: the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy AID: Artificial Insemination by Donor, where a sperm donor other than the husband is used for a fertility treatment AIH: Artificial Insemination by Husband, where the husband’s sperm is used for a fertility treatment cloning: making identical copies of a living creature by cultivating DNA denomination: strand of Christianity, such as Baptist, Anglican, etc. euthanasia: killing a patient suffering from an incurable disease or who does not want to live but cannot kill themselves; illegal in most countries IVF: In Vitro Fertilisation, where an egg is fertilised in laboratory conditions, then implanted in the womb suicide: killing oneself sacred: holy, special sanctity: to be holy or sacred

Use the key questions to try and make revision cards: What does Christianity teach about abortion? Why do Christians have different opinions about abortion? Why do Christians have different attitudes towards fertility treatment? Why might Christians agree with AIH but not with AID? How might Christians respond to cloning? What do Christians believe about suicide? Why do Christians have different opinions about euthanasia? What do Christians believe about fertility treatment? What do Christians believe about the use of animals in medical research? How might Christians respond if their prayers are not answered?

You could make revision flashcards to show the different views You could make revision flashcards to show the different views. For example, on the following issues: Abortion Fertility treatment and cloning Euthanasia Suicide Use of animals in medical research You could create revision flashcards to show opposing sides of a debate. Take some of the statements used for evaluation questions such as the ones below, and create one flashcard with ideas that AGREE with the statement and one that DISAGREES with the statement. This will help you to learn the key arguments. “Animals can be used for research because they are less important than humans.” “Abortion is always wrong.” “People should have the right to die when they want to.”

You could create revision flashcards which show the main teachings of Christianity and includes some teachings and quotes from Holy books. For example: There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under heaven: a time to be born and a time to die, a time to plant and a time to uproot. (Ecclesiastes 3:1–2) For you created my inmost being: you knit me together in my mother’s womb. (Psalm 139:13) From one man he made every nation of men that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he determined the times set for them and the exact places where they should live. (Acts 17:26)

Equality Equality Prejudice Discrimination Power Race, religion, gender, age, disability Racism Discrimination usually based on colour Christian teachings Different Christian attitudes Christian responses Sexism Discrimination based on gender Other religions Christianity is the only true faith Other religions are wrong Jesus’ teaching Different Christian responses Missionaries and evangelism Duty of Christians to convert people Church teachings Missionaries Changing role of missionaries Ecumenism One Church Many denominations Obstacles to ecumenism Ecumenical activities Forgiveness and Reconciliation 1 70x7 Sacrament of Reconciliation God will forgive Forgiveness and Reconciliation 2 Jesus’ death as reconciliation Forgiveness from original sin Need to repent Is there any sin which cannot be forgiven?

Make a list of key terms for this Topic – put the key word at the top and then the meaning underneath or on the back – someone can then test you or you can test yourself. Include: Principle of equality Biblical teaching about equality Attitudes towards racism Different views about prejudice and equality in relation to race Practices in relation to racism Attitudes towards gender Different views about prejudice and equality in relation to gender The role of women in Christian society Attitudes towards other religions with reference to: Missionary work Evangelism Ecumenism Forgiveness and reconciliation Beliefs about forgiveness Impact of beliefs about forgiveness on believers Beliefs about reconciliation Impact of beliefs about reconciliation on believers

Key terms for the Religion and equality Topic: discrimination: unjust or prejudicial treatment because of race, age or gender ecumenical movement: people who work to improve understanding between Christian groups equality: treating people as equals regardless of gender, race or religious beliefs Eucharist: the Christian ceremony commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed evangelism: persuading others to share your faith interfaith dialogue: discussions and work to help understanding between different faiths Noachide code: seven commandments given to Noah by G-d after the flood ordination: the process by which individuals are consecrated, or set apart, as clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies prejudice: making judgments not based on reason or actual experience proselytising: trying to convert people to ones own religion racism: prejudice, discrimination or ill treatment against someone because of their race reconciliation: restoring friendly relations repentance: sincere regret or remorse from one’s actions sexism: prejudice, stereotyping or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex

Use the key questions to try and make revision cards: What does Christianity teach about equality? Why do some Christians believe that not everyone is equal? How might Christians respond to racism? How might Christians respond to sexism? What do Christians believe about other religions? What do Christians believe about missionary work and evangelism? Why do some Christians believe that ecumenism is very important? What do Christians believe about reconciliation? What do Christians believe about forgiveness? You could make revision flashcards to show the different views. For example, on the following issues: Principle of equality Attitudes towards racism Attitudes towards gender Attitudes towards other religions Forgiveness and reconciliation

You could create revision flashcards to show opposing sides of a debate. Take some of the statements used for evaluation questions such as the ones below, and create one flashcard with ideas that AGREE with the statement and one that DISAGREES with the statement. This will help you to learn the key arguments. “Inequality is always wrong.” “Christians must bring everyone to their faith.” “All Christians should worship together.”

You could create revision flashcards which show the main teachings of Christianity and includes some teachings and quotes from Holy books. For example: ‘Love your neighbour as yourself’ (Luke 10:27b). There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 3:28) My brothers, as believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ, don’t show favouritism. (James 2:1) Then Peter began to speak: ‘I now realise how true it is that God does not show favouritism but accepts men from every nation who fear him and do what is right.’ (Acts 10:34–35) Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go. When they saw him, they worshipped him; but some doubted. Then Jesus came to them and said, ‘All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.’ (Matthew 28:16–20a) Jesus answered: ‘I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except by me.’ (John 14:6) Forgive us our sins, for we also forgive everyone who sins against us. (Luke 11:4a)