Environmental Science & Conservation in the US Industrial Revolution Agricultural Industrial society Rural Urban Human/Animal labor Machines 1840s Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau Oneness of soul – nature – god

Walden A good life = health, freedom, friendship, knowledge Simplicity = limited use of external goods One key to freedom is to live simply and to spend less time at work Less impact on the earth = Higher quality of life

Sierra Nevadas Preservation ethic- preserve nature for its own sake (intrinsic, aesthetic, spiritual, and symbolic value) and keep it as natural as possible Founder of the Sierra Club

Conservation ethic- use natural resources but manage them effectively (how can they be maximized and protected?) Founder of the US Forest Service

Forester, hunter, logger, conservationist Land ethic- as citizens of the land, humans should be respectful of the land Ethics toward an ecosystem should be the same as social ethics Helped form conservation groups among land users and land managers Founder of the Wilderness Society Sand County Almanac (accessible)

Biocentric equality All living things are equal

Idea that women hold the potential for different ways of seeing/realizing unique insights between humans and the natural world Stresses the importance understanding found through personal connection and caring Parallels drawn between oppressive treatment of women and treatment of the environment

Definition- The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Eco-racism? Love Canal example