Copyright © 2013 Cylenchar Limited breathing life back into a contaminated environment

CyCurex® - Technology Overview CyCurex® is a generic reagent for the remediation of toxic heavy metals. CyCurex® is a generic reagent for the remediation of toxic heavy metals. The risks of harm from toxic heavy metals wastes are dramatically increased if they are soluble. The risks of harm from toxic heavy metals wastes are dramatically increased if they are soluble. CyCurex® treatment converts soluble metal compounds into their insoluble metal sulphides – back to the form which nature intended them to be! CyCurex® treatment converts soluble metal compounds into their insoluble metal sulphides – back to the form which nature intended them to be! Toxicity and mobility of wastes are dramatically reduced – and so are the costs associated with handling and disposal. Toxicity and mobility of wastes are dramatically reduced – and so are the costs associated with handling and disposal. CyCurex® can bind and stabilize a broad spectrum of heavy metals in a wide variety of substrates, to within internationally accepted regulatory limits. CyCurex® can bind and stabilize a broad spectrum of heavy metals in a wide variety of substrates, to within internationally accepted regulatory limits. Copyright © 2013

CyCurex® - System Requirements The CyCurex® system in capable of being installed as a piggy-back system in existing wet or dry FGD systems... The CyCurex® system in capable of being installed as a piggy-back system in existing wet or dry FGD systems... or, installed as a stand-alone induct injection system. (As illustrated by SRI trial at 1MW level). or, installed as a stand-alone induct injection system. (As illustrated by SRI trial at 1MW level). Optimum injection temperatures o F / o C, but can operate at higher temperatures. Optimum injection temperatures o F / o C, but can operate at higher temperatures. Requirement for 1-2 seconds gas contact time. Less time if hotter. Requirement for 1-2 seconds gas contact time. Less time if hotter. Ideal location – post rudimentary dust control (i.e. post ESP). Ideal location – post rudimentary dust control (i.e. post ESP). Installation: CyCurex® Spray system installed in a o F / o C cyclone, post ESP or Hot Bag-house ( o F / o C). Installation: CyCurex® Spray system installed in a o F / o C cyclone, post ESP or Hot Bag-house ( o F / o C). Advantages: Low cost option, Minimum plant downtime during retrofit, Low O&M costs, All fly-ash by-products remain saleable, and even works in dust laden flues… Advantages: Low cost option, Minimum plant downtime during retrofit, Low O&M costs, All fly-ash by-products remain saleable, and even works in dust laden flues… Copyright © 2013

Key Advantages of CyCurex® for Mercury Control in Power Plants Remediates both oxidised and difficult to treat elemental mercury. Remediates both oxidised and difficult to treat elemental mercury. Does not interfere with the existing wet or dry scrubber chemistry. Does not interfere with the existing wet or dry scrubber chemistry. Renders a broad spectrum of heavy metals contaminants insoluble and long term stable. So, retains the commercial integrity of existing saleable by-product gypsum, and does not generate a harmful by-product in need of costly landfill disposal. Renders a broad spectrum of heavy metals contaminants insoluble and long term stable. So, retains the commercial integrity of existing saleable by-product gypsum, and does not generate a harmful by-product in need of costly landfill disposal. CyCurex® co-benefits include; Opacity (SO 3 ) reduction, plus lead and selenium control in plant waters. CyCurex® co-benefits include; Opacity (SO 3 ) reduction, plus lead and selenium control in plant waters. Can be installed in new plants or retrofitted into existing facilities at a fraction of the cost of competitor systems. Can be installed in new plants or retrofitted into existing facilities at a fraction of the cost of competitor systems. Equally applicable and cost effective in both small and large-scale combustion operations, and thus can find application in small-scale incinerators or micro generation power systems, where PAC systems are cost prohibitive. Equally applicable and cost effective in both small and large-scale combustion operations, and thus can find application in small-scale incinerators or micro generation power systems, where PAC systems are cost prohibitive. CyCurex® does not require any costly pre-preparation, handling or storage. CyCurex® does not require any costly pre-preparation, handling or storage. Copyright © 2013

Pilot Trial of the CyCurex ® at Southern Research Institute Coal Combustion Unit, Birmingham, AL, USA SRI 1 Mega Watt coal combustion unit, was specifically designed to model processes experienced by Power utilities. SRI 1 Mega Watt coal combustion unit, was specifically designed to model processes experienced by Power utilities. PRB and PRB-Bituminous blends evaluated were evaluated. PRB and PRB-Bituminous blends evaluated were evaluated. CyCurex® can rapidly remediate both moderate and high concentrations of oxidised and elemental mercury at short expose times as low as 1.1 seconds. CyCurex® can rapidly remediate both moderate and high concentrations of oxidised and elemental mercury at short expose times as low as 1.1 seconds. In a gas stream carrying a 1,000µg/M 3 total mercury and at least 34µg/M 3 of elemental mercury, CyCurex® was easily able to reduce the total mercury concentration by >90%, and it was able to deal with >75% of the elemental mercury within 1.1 to 2.2 seconds exposure. In a gas stream carrying a 1,000µg/M 3 total mercury and at least 34µg/M 3 of elemental mercury, CyCurex® was easily able to reduce the total mercury concentration by >90%, and it was able to deal with >75% of the elemental mercury within 1.1 to 2.2 seconds exposure. Highly cost competitive vs PAC Highly cost competitive vs PAC Copyright © 2013

Southern Research Institute Dry Scrubber Trial Copyright © 2013

Sothern Research Institute Dry Scrubber Trial Mercury removal performance Copyright © 2013 (US gallons per Million US Standard Cubic Feet)

Southern Research Institute Dry Scrubber Trial- mercury removal performance Copyright © 2013

SRI Dry Scrubber Trial - Residue Analysis Copyright © 2013

CyCurex® - PRB-Bituminous blended coal combustion gas Vessel Scale Isolate 24 April 2010 Heavy Metals Analysis Heavy Metal Total Metals mg/Kg Leachable Metals By UK-NRA, TCLP equivalent procedure mg/Litre TCLP Regulated Limit 40CFR Part mg/Litre Arsenic Antimony Cadmium <0.20< Chromium Copper N/A Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Zinc 25< SRI Dry Scrubber Trial Residue Analysis Copyright © 2013

For further information contact: Dr Peter J. Hurley Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) Mobile +44 (0) Copyright © 2013