Biology Bio = life ology = the study of Molecular biology zoology botany ecology evolution genetics

Abiotic and biotic factors Abiotic = NONLIVING Rocks, rain, river, soil, air, etc. All abiotic factors are recycled Conservation of mass Matter is neither created or destroyed Biotic = LIVING things Trees, cats, worms, insects, fish, humans Referred to as organisms

Biotic factors 5 characteristics 1. Complex and organized (order) 2. Use energy to maintain homeostasis 3. Grow and develop 4. reproduce 5. Adapt and respond

Why? Natural tendency towards entrophy Increased state of disorder = loss of usable energy Organisms developed complex organization to use energy to maintain homeostasis (same state). This ability enables the organism to develop, grow and Most importantly, reproduce. Successful growth and reproduction also depends on an Organisms ability to adapt and respond to the environment

Biological themes Hierarchy of organization Least complex  more complex includes emergent characteristics Kingdoms Monera  Protista Fungi  Plantae  Aniamlia Atom  molecule  organelles CELL  tissue  organ  Organ system  organism  population  Community  ecosystem  biosphere

Biological themes CELL The basic unit of life The smallest unit that displays all five characteristics Of living things Prokaryotes simple Eucaryotes more complex

Biological themes DNA provides mechanism that allows information to be passed on from generation to generation . inheritance = continuity of life Structure and function are related On all levels

Organisms are open systems Continuous with their environment Matter and energy cycled through biotic and abiotic Organisms interact with other organisms producers consumers

Biological themes Regulation Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions Feedback mechanisms Positive feedback Negative feedback

Biological themes Diversity and unity Estimated 5-30 million species Each species unique Scientists classify organisms based on similarities between species Identical molecular components exist in all organisms

Biological themes Classification Traditional 5 kingdom classification Monera * Protista * Fungi * Plantae * Animalia More ‘accurate’ 3 domain system Bacteria * Archaea * Eukarya

Biological themes Evolution Life evolves Darwin’s natural selection Individual variation Struggle for existence Differential reproductive success

Biological themes Hypothetico-deductice reasoning Deductive = if…then Scientific method Science – Technology - Society Science and technology, good or bad, ARE a Part of modern society Multidisciplinary endeavor not independent from other fields of study