ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Scaling of Charged Hadron p T distributions in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen MIT.

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ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Scaling of Charged Hadron p T distributions in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen MIT for the PHOBOS Collaboration ICHEP 2002 July 24-31, 2002, Amsterdam

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Collaboration ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORYBirger Back, Alan Wuosmaa BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Mark Baker, Donald Barton, Alan Carroll, Nigel George, Stephen Gushue, George Heintzelman, Burt Holzman, Robert Pak, Louis Remsberg, Peter Steinberg, Andrei Sukhanov INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS, KRAKOWAndrzej Budzanowski, Roman Hołyński, Jerzy Michałowski, Andrzej Olszewski, Pawel Sawicki, Marek Stodulski, Adam Trzupek, Barbara Wosiek, Krzysztof Woźniak MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYMaartin Ballintijn, Wit Busza (Spokesperson), Patrick Decowski, Kristjan Gulbrandsen, Conor Henderson, Jay Kane, Judith Katzy, Piotr Kulinich, Jang Woo Lee, Heinz Pernegger, Corey Reed, Christof Roland, Gunther Roland, Leslie Rosenberg, Pradeep Sarin, Stephen Steadman, George Stephans, Carla Vale, Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen, Gábor Veres, Robin Verdier, Bernard Wadsworth, Bolek Wysłouch NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, TAIWANChia Ming Kuo, Willis Lin, Jaw-Luen Tang UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGORussell Betts, Edmundo Garcia, Clive Halliwell, David Hofman, Richard Hollis, Aneta Iordanova, Wojtek Kucewicz, Don McLeod, Rachid Nouicer, Michael Reuter, Joe Sagerer UNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDAbigail Bickley, Richard Bindel, Alice Mignerey, Marguerite Belt Tonjes UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTERJoshua Hamblen, Erik Johnson, Nazim Khan, Steven Manly, Inkyu Park, Wojtek Skulski, Ray Teng, Frank Wolfs

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT The PHOBOS Apparatus 1 Layer 4  Multiplicity Array Octagonal Barrel + Annular Rings 16 Layer 2-Arm Spectrometer Trigger & Centrality Paddle Counters ZDCs Si Pad Channels

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT The PHOBOS Spectrometer z x y 70 cm 10cmOuter layers situated in 2T magnetic field High segmentation in bending direction Tracking within 10 cm of interaction point Coverage near mid- rapidity Phi acceptance of 3% per Arm

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Spectra corrected for Acceptance/Efficiency Ghost Tracks Momentum resolution Variable bin width Secondaries At 200 GeV min. bias. pp reference data exists 200GeV _ 0.2<y   <1.4

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Production of high p T particles dominated by hard scattering High p T yield prop. to N coll (binary collision scaling) Compare to pp spectra scaled up by N coll Violation of N coll scaling observed at 130GeV (PHENIX/STAR publications) Jet quenching? Comparing Au+Au and pp Spectra 1 _ _ Au+Au

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Charged Particle Production Total multiplicity scales with N part Total Multiplicity Preliminary from Peter Steinbergs talk

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Comparing Au+Au and pp Spectra 2 _

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Scaled Spectra / pp-Fit Centrality range: from 10 to 3 fm from 3 to 6 _ CentralityN part 45-50%65 ± %93 ± %138 ± %200 ± %276 ± 9 0-6%344 ± 12 PHOBOS Preliminary

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Shape differs from pp already at N part = 65 Moderate change from N part = 65 to N part =344 Scaled Spectra / pp-Fit _ _ PHOBOS Preliminary

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Centrality scaling in p T bins UA1 200 GeV Relative Yield Spectra normalized to yield at N part = 65 N part

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT  N part scaling describes data at p T = 4.25 GeV/c Normalized to yield at N part = 65 N part Scaling at high p T N coll -scaling PHOBOS Preliminary

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Evolution with Centrality Follow change of shape vs most peripheral bin Dominantly participant scaling Violated by about 30% for most central collisions PHOBOS

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Measured h +,- p T spectra in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions p T range: 0.2 < p T < 5 GeV/c Rapidity range: 0.2 < y  < 1.4 Centrality range: 65 < N part < 344 Data show: Substantial difference in spectral shape between pp and peripheral Au+Au (N part ~ 65) Minor change from 65 to 344 participants Even at p T of 4 – 5 GeV/c, N part -scaling from peripheral to central Au+Au Summary _

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Comparison to Lower Energies Data taken at 130GeV shows similar trends Shape is consistent with measurements by STAR Relative Yield

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT How to compare spectra to pp? Observations: Mid-rapidity multiplicity compatible with two component model Total multiplicity shows N part scaling How do spectra scale with centrality? Does scaling change over the p T range? Crucial for physics interpretation _

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT _ pp Au+Au 19.6 GeV preliminary 130 GeV 200 GeV Two Component Model: Charged Particle Production Central Density Data from PRC R (2002) = N coll /(N part /2)

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Number of collisions at different Energies  inel =42 mb (RHIC) Glauber Monte Carlo  inel =33 mb (SPS)  inel =21 mb (AGS)

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Integrated Yields vs Centrality dN/d  - Multiplicity data dN/dy – Spectra Integral

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Mean p T vs centrality

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Centrality scaling in p T bins UA1 200 GeV Relative Yield Spectra normalized to FIT to yield at N part = 65 N part

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Corrections Ghost fraction p T [GeV/c]

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Systematic Errors

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Triggering on Interactions  t (ns) Events Negative Paddles Positive Paddles ZDC NZDC P Au x z PP PN Valid Collision Coincidence between Paddle counters Paddle + ZDC timing reject background

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Centrality Determination Data Paddle signal N participants Data+MC HIJING +GEANT Glauber calculation Model of paddle trigger Peripheral b Central b x 2

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Particle Tracking In Spectrometer 1.Road-following algorithm finds straight tracks in field-free region 2.The curved tracks in B- field found by clusters in (1/p,  ) space 3.Find match of straight and curved by , consistency in dE/dx and fit in yz-plane 4.Covariance matrix track fit for momentum reconstruction and ghost rejection x 10 cm 1 2 ByBy z Beam

ICHEP 2002, AmsterdamGerrit van Nieuwenhuizen/MIT Spectrometer Performance Data Sample Production Run 2001(200 GeV) 7.8 M Au+Au Events, Min. Bias Trigger 32 M reconstructed particles Acceptance Momentum Resolution