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Peter Steinberg Universal Behavior of Charged Particle Multiplicities in Heavy-Ion Collisions Peter Steinberg Brookhaven National Laboratory for the PHOBOS.

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Presentation on theme: "Peter Steinberg Universal Behavior of Charged Particle Multiplicities in Heavy-Ion Collisions Peter Steinberg Brookhaven National Laboratory for the PHOBOS."— Presentation transcript:

1 Peter Steinberg Universal Behavior of Charged Particle Multiplicities in Heavy-Ion Collisions Peter Steinberg Brookhaven National Laboratory for the PHOBOS Collaboration ICHEP 2002 July 24-31, 2002, Amsterdam

2 Peter Steinberg Heavy-Ion Collisions Colliding Nuclei Hard Collisions Parton Cascade Hadron Gas & Freeze-out 1234 Entropy produced as system evolves Where does most of it come from? Initial, partonic or hadronic stage? Can we understand AA with simpler systems? VNI Simulations: Geiger, Longacre, Srivastava, nucl-th/9806102

3 Peter Steinberg ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORYBirger Back, Alan Wuosmaa BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Mark Baker, Donald Barton, Alan Carroll, Nigel George, Stephen Gushue, George Heintzelman, Burt Holzman, Robert Pak, Louis Remsberg, Peter Steinberg, Andrei Sukhanov INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS, KRAKOWAndrzej Budzanowski, Roman Hołyński, Jerzy Michałowski, Andrzej Olszewski, Pawel Sawicki, Marek Stodulski, Adam Trzupek, Barbara Wosiek, Krzysztof Woźniak MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYMaartin Ballintijn, Wit Busza (Spokesperson), Patrick Decowski, Kristjan Gulbrandsen, Conor Henderson, Jay Kane, Judith Katzy, Piotr Kulinich, Jang Woo Lee, Heinz Pernegger, Corey Reed, Christof Roland, Gunther Roland, Leslie Rosenberg, Pradeep Sarin, Stephen Steadman, George Stephans, Carla Vale, Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen, Gábor Veres, Robin Verdier, Bernard Wadsworth, Bolek Wysłouch NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, TAIWANChia Ming Kuo, Willis Lin, Jaw-Luen Tang UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGORussell Betts, Edmundo Garcia, Clive Halliwell, David Hofman, Richard Hollis, Aneta Iordanova, Wojtek Kucewicz, Don McLeod, Rachid Nouicer, Michael Reuter, Joe Sagerer UNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDAbigail Bickley, Richard Bindel, Alice Mignerey, Marguerite Belt Tonjes UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTERJoshua Hamblen, Erik Johnson, Nazim Khan, Steven Manly, Inkyu Park, Wojtek Skulski, Ray Teng, Frank Wolfs Collaboration

4 Peter Steinberg PHOBOS : Centrality & Multiplicity   -5.4 +5.4 0 keV 500 Paddle Signal Events (monotonic w/ N part ) 4  Multiplicity Detector Participants Spectators b

5 Peter Steinberg PHOBOS Data on dN/d  Au+Au collisions at  s=19.6, 130, 200 GeV dN/d  for |  |<5.4 over full azimuth Centrality from paddles (130/200) & N hits (19.6) Top 50% of total cross section (N part ~65-360) dN/d     19.6 GeV 130 GeV200 GeV PHOBOS Preliminary N part Most Central

6 Peter Steinberg -2 -4 0 -6 1 2 3 UA5 inelastic Seen in pp by UA5 0 53 GeV 200 GeV 546 GeV 900 GeV Plotting dN/d  vs. shows scaling behavior in the “forward” region  Limiting Fragmentation  =  - y beam dN/d  /  N part /2  19.6 data allows extrapolation to extract N ch PHOBOS Au+Au 19.6 GeV Preliminary 19.6 GeV 130 GeV 200 GeV Universal limiting distribution seen in both AA and pp Central 3%

7 Peter Steinberg Centrality Dependence of dN/d  Are these effects related? Long-range correlations? Energy conservation? Stopping? Other collision systems?  ’ ~ -5 Rises Saturation? 2-component?  ’ ~ -1.5 Stable Scaling  ’~ 1.5 Falls Cascading in spectators? Centrality Dependence InterpretationLocation 200 GeV 130 GeV 19.6 GeV dN/d  /  N part /2   =  - y beam

8 Peter Steinberg Rapidity Distributions at 200 GeV yTyT  Surprising agreement in shape between AA/e + e - /pp e + e - measures dN/dy T (rapidity relative to “thrust” axis) AA/pp ~ 1.4-1.5 200 GeV Central Au+Au q q

9 Peter Steinberg Particle density near midrapidity e + e - scales like AA near midrapidity (dN/dy T )

10 Peter Steinberg (Mueller 1983) pp/pp A+A e+e-e+e- Total Multiplicity vs. Beam Energy Central A+A

11 Peter Steinberg Leading Particle Effect  N ch  Universality Basile et al (1980-84) (pp) Subtract energy of leading protons to define effective energy

12 Peter Steinberg Approach to Universality Universality e+e-e+e- Au+Au pp p+p  p+X :

13 Peter Steinberg How can AA scale like e + e - ?  Above ~3, pion yields constant  Central AA has ~5-6 per participant  Scaling with N part  Reduces leading particle effect  Scaling with  s counts # collisions N part = +1 pA collisions With increasing Proton “stops” (i.e. deposits energy) Pion yield saturates NA49 SPS Relative yield of  in pA/pp for y>0 NA49 (unpublished) CERN-SPSLC-P-264-ADD-5 E910 NA49

14 Peter Steinberg Centrality Dependence of  N ch  The Return of the Wounded Nucleon Model… Bialas & Czyz 1976, Elias et al 1978  inel =42 mb (RHIC) Glauber Monte Carlo Error band due to high-  extrapolation  inel =33 mb (SPS)  inel =21 mb (AGS) 19.6 GeV Preliminary Au+Au

15 Peter Steinberg Yields in AA scale primarily with N part Even at transverse momentum up to 5 GeV Gerrit van Nieuwenhuizen’s talk New perspective on hadron production? Two Kinds of Universality Universality in the forward region Data follow “limiting” distribution in  Universality of total multiplicity Same for all systems at same  s(  s eff for pp) “Startling” connection between Au+Au & e + e -

16 Peter Steinberg _ pp Au+Au 19.6 GeV preliminary 130 GeV 200 GeV Two Component Model: Charged Particle Production Central Density Data from PRC 65 061901R (2002) = N coll /(N part /2)

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