Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Sociali e della Salute Lingua Inglese a.a. 2012-2013 (Dott. Saverio Tomaiuolo) Welcome!

Verbo essere (“To be”)

Forma affermativa I am (I’m) You are (You’re) He is (he’s), She is (she’s) It is (it’s) We are (we’re) They are (They’re)

Forma Negativa I am not You are not (You aren’t) He is not (He isn’t), She is not (she isn’t), It is not (it isn’t) We are not (We aren’t) They are not (They aren’t)

Forma interrogativa Am I.... a champion? Are you……tired? Is He…intelligent? Is She…nice? Is It…? Are We….interested in sport? Are You….unhappy? Are They…fine?

“C’è” e “ci sono” si traduce “there is” e “there are”: Il verbo “to be” si utilizza anche per indicare: -ETA’ (I am thirty-four) ORARIO (it’s two twenty, it’s a quarter past five) DATE (It’s July the fifth), TEMPO ATMOSFERICO (It’s cold today; It’s sunny and warm), STATO FISICO-PSICOLOGICO (I’m fine, thanks; They’re strong; She’s not well; Are you worried? etc…). ATTENZIONE: “Avere freddo /caldo/ fame” = “To be cold / hot / hungry DIVERSO DA “essere arrabbiato”= “to be angry” “C’è” e “ci sono” si traduce “there is” e “there are”:

Esempi: He is a good player/reader/trader They aren’t respectful of the codes of behaviour. We are first year students and what about you? Are they in the same class?

Pronomi personali inglesi

Pronomi personali SOGGETTO Pronomi Personali COMPLEMENTO I Me You You He/She/It Him/Her/It We Us They Them I pronomi personali SOGGETTO si riferiscono all’agente che compie un’azione, mentre quelli OGGETTO a colui che la subisce. A differenza dell’italiano (sono con lui; siamo intelligenti, siete bravi), in inglese il pronome soggetto è sempre espresso: I work with him You are good with them They are nice with us.

Esempi: I am with him and she is with them Studying/Running is important for her Are they beginners like us ? I usually have lunch with her, but not with him

Deittici: this/these - that /those I deittici sono “this/these” (questo/questi), per indicare qualcosa vicino a chi parla e “that/those” (quello/quelli), per indicare qualcosa lontano da chi parla.

Esempi: Is this the tapis roulant? No, this isn’t the tapis roulant. The tapis roulant is that (in funzione di pronome). Are these the books you were referring to? No, they aren’t. Those are the books I was referring to

Verbo avere (“To have”)

Forma affermativa I have (+ got) You have (You’ve) (+ got) He has, she has, it has (+ got) We have (we’ve) (+ got) They have (They’ve) (+ got)

Forma Negativa I have not (I haven’t) (+ got) etc… You have not (You haven’t) He/she/it has not (hasn’t) We have not (We haven’t) They have not (They haven’t)

Forma interrogativa Have I….? (+ got) etc… Have you……? Has He/she/it…? Have We….? Have You….? Have They…?

ATTENZIONE: la forma “to have + got” è utilizzata in British English solo per indicare possesso. Si noti infatti: To have (got) an apple, a car, a well-built body (un aggettivo + un participio passato) + “body” (sostantivo). To have a headache / stomach ache/ Toothache; To have breakfast / lunch, dinner etc.. = fare colazione, pranzare, cenare

Esempi: I have (got) an old car, but I haven’t the time to buy a new one. Have they (got) running shoes? No, they haven’t them, but she has them. She can lend them