Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Development of a novel Ara h 2 hypoallergen with no IgE binding or anaphylactogenic activity Angelika Tscheppe, MSc, Dieter Palmberger, PhD, Leonie van Rijt, PhD, Tanja Kalic, MSc, Vanessa Mayr, MSc, Chiara Palladino, MSc, Claudia Kitzmüller, PhD, Wolfgang Hemmer, PhD, Christine Hafner, MD, Merima Bublin, PhD, Ronald van Ree, PhD, Reingard Grabherr, PhD, Christian Radauer, PhD, Heimo Breiteneder, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036 Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036) Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Construction of Ara h 2 derivatives. A, Structural representations of native and red/alk proteins. B, Amino acid sequences of wtAra h 2 and mtAra h 2 showing the IgE-binding epitopes removed in mtAra h 2. Previously determined linear IgE epitopes are boxed, immunodominant T-cell epitopes are shown in boldface, and helices are shown in gray. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036) Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 IgE binding to Ara h 2 derivatives tested by means of ELISA with 48 Ara h 2–sensitized patients with peanut allergy. A, Distributions of ELISA OD values in all patients. *P < .05 and ***P < .001. B, IgE ELISA and inhibition ELISA results of 5 representative patients. For the inhibition ELISA, nAra h 2 was immobilized, and residual IgE binding after preincubating sera with Ara h 2 derivatives was measured. C, Comparison of IgE binding to native and red/alk proteins (lacking conformational epitopes) in individual patients. D, Individual epitope recognition patterns demonstrated by comparing IgE binding to wtAra h 2, mtAra h 2 (lacking linear epitopes), and red/alk wtAra h 2 (lacking conformational epitopes). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036) Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Correlation of Ara h 2–specific IgE levels with measures of epitope recognition patterns derived from IgE ELISA data. A, The mtAra h 2 to wtAra h 2 ratio represents IgE binding to conformational epitopes. B, The red/alk to native wtAra h 2 ratio represents IgE binding to linear epitopes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036) Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Basophil activation tests (n = 7) with native and red/alk proteins. Areas under the concentration-dependent activation curves are shown. *P < .05 and **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036) Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 T cell–stimulating abilities of Ara h 2 derivatives. A, In vitro proliferation assays with PBMCs from Ara h 2–sensitized patients with peanut allergy (n = 9). Data are presented as relative SIs normalized to the SIs of cells treated with nAra h 2. B, Flow cytometry–based proliferation assay with PBMCs of a representative patient. Data represent percentages of proliferating (carboxyfluorescein N-succinimidyl ester–low) cells among CD4+ T cells (CD3+CD8− cells). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036) Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Anaphylactic response in C3H/HeOuJ mice with peanut allergy after challenge with native and red/alk proteins. A, Mice were sensitized intragastrically (i. g.) with PE and challenged intraperitoneally (i. p.) on day 37 with native and red/alk proteins. B, Ara h 2–specific IgE and IgG1 levels of peanut-sensitized mice and control mice sensitized by PBS. **P < .01. C, Maximum core body temperature decrease after intraperitoneal challenge measured over the period of 1 hour every 10 minutes. *P < .05. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.036) Copyright © 2019 The Authors Terms and Conditions