Implementation of TNB Grid of the Future Middleware Author Company Email Presenter WAN AZLAN.W.K Z GSE, Tenaga Nasional wazlan@tnb.com.my  ROSLINA M.Y Tenaga Nasional roslinamy@tnb.com.my NIK SOFIZAN N.Y niksofizan@tnb.com.my Ir. M.FIRDAUS YON firdausyon@tnb.com.my Disclaimer All information contained herein are solely for the purpose of the presentation only and cannot be used for or referred to by any party for other purpose without prior written consent from TNB. Information contained herein is the property of TNB and it is protected and confidential information. TNB has exclusive copyright over the information and you are prohibited from disseminating, distributing, copying, reproducing, using and/or disclosing this information. Due to strict 15 minute time limit, please aim for 12 slides or less – we will insist you reduce slides if you submit more. It is really hard to talk to a slide for less than 1 minute so plan well. Max 10 dot points per page -keeps font readable size – recommend Arial 18 limit number of words for each dot point to about 8-10 for readability on screen in time allowed (see how this is too long) PLEASE do not use slide builds (animation fly in etc) for text as there is not sufficient time to read each line one at a time The dot point should summarise the point you are making – i.e. do not just read the text from the screen – full text explanation if necessary should be placed in the Notes Page view – the presentations will be distributed as PDF of the Notes Page views Animations for graphics can be useful but please count three automatic animations as equivalent to one slide. Two manually advanced transitions should be counted as one slide Remember we want to hear what you say, not see how good Microsoft is with graphic tools unless they truly emphasise the point you are demonstrating

Contents Tenaga Nasional Berhad, MALAYSIA Use Case: Grid Improvement Project Earlier Attempts OpenFMB/DDS Benefits and Experience Conclusion

Tenaga Nasional Berhad TNB Grid Division Distribution Network Division Corporate Functions Grid System Operator (Ring-Fenced) Single Buyer (Ring-Fenced) Other divisions and subsidiaries including International Assets Group and Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) GenCo Generation Division Energy Ventures Division TNB Independent Power Plants TNB Renewables REMACO RetailCo Retail Division TNBX GSparx National transmission & distribution network, international business and corporate centre Leading generation company with capabilities in building, operating and maintaining generation assets Retailer of choice with leading green and energy services portfolios

Tenaga Nasional Berhad Transmission Grid 1.47 system minutes 99.77% availability Distribution Network SAIDI: approx. 48 min/customer/year Generation 12,013.4 MW capacity 89.3% availability Retail Customer Base 9.2 million customers in Peninsular Malaysia (Malaya), Sabah (North Borneo)

Use-Case: A Regional Transmission Improvement Project Situational Analysis Reinforce line capacity from 700 MVA to 1000 MVA To mitigate line overloading due to increasing electricity demand Distance: 250 km Projected cost: USD200 mil – USD350 mil

Use-Case: A Regional Transmission Improvement Project Situational Analysis How to mitigate N-1 contingency during reinforcement project? How to sustain network reliability amidst changing project completion horizons due to prolonged land matters resulting from difficulties in acquisition? Regional Blackout > 145% 6

AOLPS: Self-Healing Event-Based Special Protection Scheme Before scheme implementation After scheme implementation Dynamic line rating Event based load shedding

Before AOLPS: Typical Weekday Area Load Profile Max Load = 110MVA ~ 145% Above Firm Period = > 15hrs/day 2 x N-1 risk exposure window Blackout risk exposure: 9.375 hours Source: System Operation Monthly Report for July 2010 ~120% Here is a typical load curve for Central Pahang. Congestion occurs ONLY at certain times of day creating a double hump during peak hours where the line capacity is above the firm static rating The risk exposure upon N-1 condition is around 9 hours [Above firm meaning load demand is more than a single line static rating]

After AOLPS: DLR Increases Situational Awareness For Near-Limits Operations Reduces transmission tripping risk exposure during N-1 event 1 x N-1 risk exposure window Blackout risk exposure: 22.5 minutes Blackout risk reduced by 96.0% ~120% The DLR increase operator situational awareness by evaluating line rating based on dynamic line parameter measurement of: - Ambient temperature Solar radiation Wind Speed and Wind direction With automatic evaluation, the operator will be confident of allowing more power to flow effectively reducing exposure of blackout to around 20 minutes – a 96% risk reduction

AOLPS: Optimal Quantum Load Shedding Controlled load shedding Sensor Solution Distributes sensors in each substation A central controller to detect abnormal condition and orchestrate A dynamic line rating (DLR) sensor to detect overloading at grid incomer substation Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor DLR Controller

Design1: GOOSE Logical design of the scheme using IEC61850-GOOSE Controller sent GOOSE signals to trip selected circuit breaker to shed load

Design1: GOOSE Physical design of the scheme 5 1 Ethernet over SDH: VLAN tags must be maintained in each SDH hop IEC 61850 Controller 5 Trip sent erroneously to 5 1 Trip 1

Design2: IMAGE protocol Logical design of the scheme using our proprietary IMAGE protocol IMAGE supports sending of binary and analogue values Controller sent binary control signals to substation gateway Substation gateway translates binary signals into equivalent GOOSE signals to trip circuit breaker to shed load

Design2: IMAGE protocol Risk of configuration error: System relies on redundant variables as logic inputs Abstraction gap: Immediate jump from requirement to very low-level. Emerging IEC61850 semantics and natural functional subsystems Difficult to segregate network for cyber security design KW_E_RB_LN1_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag = 140 JT_EL01_XCBR1_stVal_pos = 1 & DLR1_KW_E_RB_LN1_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag= 140 DLR2_KW_E_RB_LN1_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag = 140 & SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0 SG2_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0 & EBLS1_RB_EL01_XCBR1_cVal = 1 Trip EL01 circuit breaker in substation RB!

Open Field Message Bus: OpenFMB/DDS Middleware The Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB) interoperability framework is a standard ratified in 2016 by North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB)​, a leading energy industry Standards Development Organization (SDO) accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). TNB implementation only uses the OpenFMB data model that is based on a converged IEC 61968/70-CIM and IEC61850 data model The data model is available as a DDS Interface Definition File (IDL) Further information can be obtained from the OpenFMB User Group portal https://openfmb.ucaiug.org

Why OpenFMB/DDS? Influenced by work performed at Duke Energy and SDEG Data model for OT/IT integration with standard semantics Power system objects can use ERMS/SAP functional location ID Data source: IEC 61850 logical nodes Easy to define new messages according to IEC 61968-100 Device name: IEC 61850 naming convention

Benefits of DDS Boolean logic substitutes direct contact monitoring e.g. current DDS topics groups data sets in order to reduce logic complexity Use QoS to differentiate critical data sets and non-critical data sets SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMVar_mag = 1 SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49.93 Topic=PowerFlow Key=JT_EL01 SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMW_mag = 4 Historian Line JT-RB tripped == /\ Current in JT = 0 /\ Current in RB = 0 EBLS Controller SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0 Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01 SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU1_A = 0 Topic=CTMeas Key=RB_EL01 & Substation: JT Bay: EL01 Remote

Benefits of DDS Topic enhances capability to describe similar data sets that are used in different situations: Closing the abstraction gap EBLS Controller SG1_RB_EL01_XCBR1_Pos_CtlVal = 1 Topic=Arm Key=RB_EL01 SG1_JT_EL01_XCBR1_Pos_CtlVal = 1 Topic=Trip Key=JT_EL01 SG1_RB_EL01_GGIO_AnIn1_mag = 140 Topic=Temperature Key=RB_EL01 & Trip == /\ RB_CB = Open /\ EL01_Temp >= 140 Immediately trips CB Arm CB but trip upon temperature violation

Benefits of DDS Reduces application complexity and bandwidth usage with content filters Historian EBLS Controller Data Gateway /\ Temperature > 140 SG1_JT_EL01_GGIO1_AnIn1_mag = 110.9 Topic=Temperature Key=JT_EL01 140.1 142.1 111.5 Substation: JT Bay: EL01

Benefits of DDS DDS deadline and liveliness QoS simplifies gateway health checks at publisher and subscriber Initialize == /\ SG_Health = 0 Alternate == /\ SG_Health’ = SG1_JT_Health Check== /\ SG_Health <> 0 /\ SG_Health’ = 0 EBLS Controller Failed to get data! SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 94.7 Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01 105.5 Substation: JT Bay: EL01

Benefits of DDS: Future Redundancy management using ownership strength QoS When there is lost of communication, select a dominant active server, “A” or “B”, to control the system based on the sum of weighted scores of live connected IEDs per gateway. In short which is the more useful server after communication disturbance

Benefits of DDS: Future Redundancy management using ownership strength QoS There are 3 valid system states i.e. “A”, “B”, “OFF”. The system initially is on “A”. If the number of IEDs for A and B is equal then assign indeterminate state “DBI”. The system shall never be in indeterminate state

Benefits of DDS: Future Redundancy management using ownership strength QoS EBLS Controller Exclusive ownership Qos SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 94.7 Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01 SG2_JT_EL01_MMXU1_A = 94.7 Topic=CTMeas Key=JT_EL01 105.5 105.5 SG2 SG1

Benefits of DDS: Future Use durable QoS to “pace” fast field data sets into big data systems Gateway Controller or higher level gateway such as big data interface SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMVar_mag = 1 SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49.93 Topic=PowerFlow Key=JT_EL01 SG1_JT_EL01_MMXU_TotMW_mag = 4 Topic=PowerFlow Key=RB_EL01 4.1 SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU_TotMW_mag = 4 3.5 2 SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU_TotMVar_mag = 1 0.5 49.97 SG1_RB_EL01_MMXU_Hz_mag = 49.93 50.01 Database

Benefits of DDS: Future System boundaries are based on subsystem function DDS domains and RTI routing can be used to segregate systems Network segregation promotes future acceptance of multicast networks for DDS discovery Domain 1 Domain 2 Domain 3 Domain 4

Highlight #1: OpenFMB/DDS Adapter for RTDB Map RTDB key-value to OpenFMB information module. Use in-house OpenFMB Configuration Language (OFMBCL) to glue logic to adapter Statuses Sensors OpenFMB/DDS Power System Apps 60870 61850 C37.118 IEC-60870-101 IEC-60870-103 IEC-60870-104 IEC61850 ModBus Measurements DDS Databus Digital Intelligent Gateway (DIG) RTDB OFMBCL Logic

Highlight #2: OpenFMB Configuration Language Use DDS topics, key and content filter. Power System Resource bay name is used as key.

Highlights #3: Preservation of Power System Semantics in Engineering LogicalDeviceID PSR_mRID MeasurementID Value Quality KAWA_DIG_LD17 KAWA_E_PATH1 GGIO1.AnIn1.mag 345.678 G 346.789 341.901 KAWA_E_PATH2 78.901 B 178.901 Current flat data does not capture structure of information Enforcement of mRID will increase query efficiency and eliminate data errors MeasurementID Value Quality GGIO1.AnIn1.mag 345.678 G 346.789 341.901 78.901 B 178.901

Highlights #4: DDS encapsulates phasor data for data lake delivery Protection relays include phasor measurement function as standard. This enables cost-effective real-time power system monitoring e.g. linear state estimators DDS delivers the fastest phasor sampled at 20 ms or 50 samples per second Grid of the Future Control Centre Gateway OpenFMB/DDS IEEE C37.118 (serial)

Grid of the Future Edge Computing Centralized protection IEDs are now commercially available Virtualized substation computing platform is feasible for Grid of the Future DDS has a big role to play in a software-pervasive Grid of the Future DDS Internal Databus Storage IEC 61850-9 SMV Interface Virtualized Substation Controller Hypervisor App Today’s DDS-based apps can be easily retro-fitted into virtualized container IEC 61850-9-SMV Process Bus IEC 61850 merging unit for each bay

Conclusions Enhance Wide Area Protection Scheme Middleware Model-driven Data-centric communication Quality of Service DDS Benefits Data-centric ~> Safer system Hides critical system functions ~> Users can focus on power system integrity problems Digital Transformation Grid of the Future: Software will be more pervasive while OT/IT boundaries blur DDS is instrumental in realizing OT/IT integration at scale

Thank You Wan Azlan Wan Kamarul Zaman (wazlan@tnb.com.my) Tenaga Nasional Berhad Disclaimer All information contained herein are solely for the purpose of the presentation only and cannot be used for or referred to by any party for other purpose without prior written consent from TNB. Information contained herein is the property of TNB and it is protected and confidential information. TNB has exclusive copyright over the information and you are prohibited from disseminating, distributing, copying, reproducing, using and/or disclosing this information.