URBAN SEARCH AND RESCUE (USAR) THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL International Search And Rescue Advisory Group Arjun Katoch Disaster Management Advisor

WHAT IS URBAN SEARCH AND RESCUE ? “Locating, accessing, medically treating and extrication of casualties entrapped within confined spaces.”

SURVIVAL DEPENDENT ON TIME FROM DISASTER TO RESCUE 81.0% 36.7% 33.7% 19.0% Arjun Katoch Disaster Management Advisor

PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL USAR TEAMS ENTERING AN AFFECTED COUNTRY IMMEDIATELY AFTER A DISASTER 1 International Team arrivals as per INSARAG Guidelines procedures National and local Govt. arrangements Disaster Site Identified airport arrival for incoming teams 4 Teams tasked to incident site to operate under incident controller Incoming teams move to border processing Incident Controller Incident Controller Incident Controller Border processing Immigration Quarantine & MOH Customs Consular Liaison Security Toilet Facilities Secure area (inside customs) District or City incident manager Reception Centre Staffed by UNDAC using INSARAG and UNDAC procedures Registring and briefing of teams Toilet facilities Refreshment OSOCC (Situated close to disaster site) Teams are registered and tasked to disaster site with information received from LEMA Liaison Officer (LEMA) insecure area (outside customs) 2 3 Teams transported from airport reception centre to OSOCC liaison and coordination

INTERNATIONAL SEARCH AND RESCUE ADVISORY GROUP (INSARAG) Inter-governmental network, established in 1991 following lessons from Armenia earthquake of 1988. Under the United Nations Deals with Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) response issues - UN GA Resolution 57/150 of 16 Dec 2002“Strengthening the Effectiveness and Coordination of International Urban Search and Rescue Assistance” 6

THE INTERNATIONAL SEARCH AND RESCUE ADVISORY GROUP (INSARAG) Steering Committee (Switzerland) Secretariat OCHA/Geneva (ERS) Regional Group Africa/Europe (Italy ) Regional Group Americas (Argentina) Regional Group Asia/Pacific (Australia) Working Groups Trg, Medical, Lt. Teams, IM, Guidelines Review International USAR Team Leaders Meeting Ad-hoc Working Groups Ad-hoc Working Groups

INSARAG MANDATE Develop global standards for minimum capacity of international USAR assistance Develop standardised procedures for international cooperation and coordination in collapsed structure response Improve disaster response preparedness Promote capacity building in earthquake -prone countries 8

INSARAG IDENTIFICATION OF USAR TEAMS Deeply Entombed 20% Heavy USAR Some voids and confined space Medium USAR 30% Light USAR 15% Minor Injuries – lightly trapped 35% Local Resources Light USAR Teams are intended to augment local resources. Medium USAR Teams are intended to improve operations due to increased capacity. Heavy USAR Teams are intended to enhance operations and work to free those deeply entombed.

THE INSARAG GUIDELINES Procedures for international USAR team requests, deployment , Coordination On-Site (OSOCC ) Minimum acceptable operational standards and requirements of International USAR teams to cover: Management Logistics Search Rescue Medical Guidance to Member States for establishment of USAR capacity INSARAG External Classification(IEC) system 10

INSARAG GUIDELINES INTERNATIONAL USAR TEAMS CAPABILITY Team should be self sufficient for 10 days, but can be deployed longer if necessary. Team needs to be airborne “wheels up” 10 hours from notification. Must have the following USAR Staff: Disaster managers Medical personnel Structural engineers Lifting & Rigging specialists Rescue specialists Canine teams Hazardous materials specialists ICT specialists Logistical, planning and support staff Every USAR team will tell you that they are self sufficient however this is not necessarily the case. They will require Fuel, timber, O2 etc that they will expect you to source. Maybe staffed with up to 100-members per mission but this is dependant on the team.

INSARAG GUIDELINES USAR TEAM STRUCTURE All USAR teams, irrespective of their capacity, classification and operational involvement should comprise of the following components: Management Logistics Search Rescue Medical The Incident Command System (ICS) is adopted as the principle to manage USAR teams. Organisational chart demonstrates the operational structure of a team. Talk about how teams are structured slightly differently but still conform to the laid down guidelines. All USAR teams are required to conform to these arrangements.

INTERNATIONAL USAR TEAMS IN NEPAL EARTHQUAKE, 2015 from 31 countries. 2,142 Responders, 189 Dogs

INSARAG GUIDELINES – USAR COORDINATION ON SITE (THE UN OSOCC) Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, 2005 Earthquake Kathmandu , Nepal, 2015 Earthquake

OVERALL USAR COORDINATION STRUCTURE GDACS Virtual OSOCC RDC Local Emergency Management Authority (LEMA) UN OSOCC USAR Coordination Sector Coordination Local Sector LEMA International USAR Teams Domestic USAR teams

INTERNATIONAL EXTERNAL CLASSIFICATION (IEC) External team tests USAR team for: Management Logistics Search Rescue Medical Testing – 48 hour live Exercise: Preparedness Mobilisation & Deployment Operations Demobilisation

53 IEC CLASSIFIED USAR TEAMS WORLDWIDE Americas AEME Asia-Pacific Heavy 2 24 8 Medium 17 Total 4 41