RADHAZ Joint Spectrum Center E3 & Spectrum Engineering Division, OS35 The course will provide an overview of RADHAZ including background information on electromagnetic radiation, ionizing and non ionizing radiation: Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuels. Joint Spectrum Center E3 & Spectrum Engineering Division, OS35

DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms What is RADHAZ? “Hazards caused by transmitter or antenna installation that generates electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling operations in excess of established safe levels. Joint Publication 1-02 DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

The Real Problem = Transmitter Each circle represents a contributor to the EME. In this case, this is the deck of a carrier (27 in all). Deck located transmitters Aircraft located transmitters Mast located transmitters Although not a complex, the same situation exists for shore stations

Hazards RADHAZ is the result of exposure to an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity to: Induce currents and/or voltages of magnitudes large enough to initiate electroexplosive devices or other sensitive explosive components of weapon systems, ordnance, or explosive devices. Cause harmful or injurious effects to humans. Create sparks having sufficient magnitude to ignite flammable mixtures. Encompasses: HERP - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel HERO - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance HERF - Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel No Notes Required

HERP Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel OPNAVINST 5100.23G with Change 1 dated, 21 Jul 2011. From Joint Publication 1-02: “The potential hazard that exists when personnel are exposed to an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity to heat the human body.” MIL-STD-464C references DoDI 6055.11, which points to a series of IEEE documents for guidance. HERP is defined in Joint Publication 1-02. MIL-STD-464 states the specific requirements in terms of both inadvertent actuation during exposure to an Electromagnetic Environment and degraded performance characteristics after exposure to an Electromagnetic Environment. DoDI 6055.11 references the following IEEE standards: C95.6-2002, “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0 to 3 kHz,” C95.1-2005, “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz,” C95.7-2005, “IEEE Recommended Practice for Radio Frequency Safety Programs, 3 kHz to 300 GHz,”

The HERP Concern RF energy can be hazardous to personnel when: Energy is absorbed by biological tissue, it can cause heating of the tissue (microwave cooking effect) with subsequent tissue damage if temperatures are high enough. There is high induced voltage on a metallic object, RF burns can result if contact is made by personnel; the results can be pain, visible skin damage, or involuntary reaction. DOD INST 6055.11, in conjunction with IEEE C95.6-2002 and IEEE C95.1-2005, provides exposure limits to protect against established adverse effects to human health induced by exposure to RF electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields over the frequency range of 0 Hz to 300 GHz.   Previous versions of DOD INST 6055.11 specifically cited the restrictions. The latest version only points to the IEEE C95 series for actual limits.

HERO Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance From Joint Publication 1-02: “The danger of accidental actuation of electro-explosive devices or otherwise electrically activating ordnance because of Radio Frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields.” MIL-STD-464 also includes requirements for degraded performance after exposure to the external Electromagnetic Environment (EME). HERO is defined in Joint Publication 1-02. MIL-STD-464 states the specific requirements in terms of both inadvertent actuation during exposure to an Electromagnetic Environment and degraded performance characteristics after exposure to an Electromagnetic Environment.

The HERO Concern CAUSE EFFECT Inadvertent Actuation or “Dudding” Electromagnetic Environment (EME) The EME is comprised of many sources including radar and communication systems. These EMEs can unintentionally expose systems containing ordnance to high level fields which can couple to firing circuits causing inadvertent actuation or dudding due to repeated exposure.

Need for HERO Control Development of extremely powerful communication and radar equipment that radiate high levels of EM energy. Trend to utilize more sensitive, low-power electronic circuits in the design of ordnance systems. Adverse interactions between the EME and the electrical initiators or initiating systems contained within ordnance systems. Need for HERO control arises from a fundamental incompatibility between the Electrically Initiated Devices (EIDs) or EID firing circuits contained within the ordnance and the external radiated EME that the ordnance encounters during its progression from stockpile to safe separation sequence (S4).

HERF Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuels No Notes Required From Joint Publication 1-02: “The potential hazard that is created when volatile combustibles, such as fuel, are exposed to electromagnetic fields of sufficient energy to cause ignition.”

HERF Criteria Three conditions must be present in order for fire or explosion to occur: Ignition Source Radar and communication systems/equipment ashore and aboard ship can produce electrical arcs of sufficient magnitude to ignite fuel vapors Ignitable Material AVGAS, MOGAS, Jet Fuel vapors Oxidizer Oxygen – ever present in the world around us There are three things required to have fire or explosion: An ignition source such as a radiating system which can produce a high level electric field. An ignitable material such as a fuel. An oxidizer such as oxygen.

Fuel Handling Operations Act of transferring fuel from one container to another: Fueling aircraft, vehicles, or equipment from a pump or portable container Transferring fuel from storage container to a fuel truck Transferring fuel from a pump to a portable container No Notes Required

How to enroll for the FULL Overview of Radiation Hazards (RADHAZ) Course This has been an introduction to our full RADHAZ course. For more information on how to enroll in the full course, go to: https://shortcut.dau.mil/cop/e3_Forms (Forms page to sign up for the full course) This one-day day course provides information on potential Radiation Hazards (RADHAZ) caused by transmitter/antenna installations that generate electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel and fuel operations in excess of established safe levels.  RADHAZ is associated with an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity to: Induce currents of enough magnitude to initiate electroexplosive devices of weapon systems - Hazard of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) Cause harmful effects to humans - Hazard of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP) Create sparks of sufficient magnitude to ignite flammable mixtures - Hazard of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel (HERF) This course will address the principles and practices associated with reducing these hazards in DoD. To schedule a session at your location, contact: disa.annapolis.dso.list.jsc-j5-training@mail.mil https://shortcut.dau.mil/cop/e3_Learn (Main Spectrum/E3 training page)