1. RADHAZ Material Outline Introduction and Background Standards and Applications Prediction of Electromagnetic Fields Measurement of Electromagnetic Fields Protective Devices Procedures to Protect People FCC Initiative in New Rule Making

2. Power Densities Measured Around the United States

3. Power Densities of Interest  watts/cm 2 Milli Pico Watt/cm 2 Receiver  1 X 10 -15 Sensitivity  Threshold  1 X 10 -9 Nano Watt/cm 2 Light from Venus  1 X 10 -6 Micro Watt/cm 2 Light from Full Moon  1 X 10 -3 Milli Watt/cm 2 IEEE LIMIT  (30-300 MHz)  5 X 10 -3 5 Milli Watt/cm 2 FDA LIMIT  On Microwave Ovens  100 X 10 -3 100 Milli Watt/cm 2 Sun Light  NO TIME LIMIT

4. Conversion of SAR to Power Density Threshold for Hazard Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) = 4 Watts/kg Applying a Safety Factor 10 (SAR) = 0.4 Watts/kg CONVERTING to POWER DENSITY: for HUMAN EXPOSURE Average Man or Woman WEIGHT = 60 kg SURFACE AREA = 20,000 cm 2 PH = POWER DENSITY for SAFETY THRESHOLD PH = 0.4 Watts/kg  = 1.2 milli Watts/(cm) 2

5. Band Definitions VLF< 15 KHz LF15 - 500 KHz MF300 - 3000 KHz HF2 - 30 MHz VHF30 - 225 MHz UHF225 - 800 MHz L-Band800 - 1650 MHz S-Band1650 - 3000 MHz C-Band3000 - 7200 MHz X-Band7200 - 10,500 MHz Ku-Band10,500 - 16,000 MHz K-Band16,000 - 26,000 MHz Ka-Band26,000 - 40,000 MHz V-Band36,000 - 52,000 MHz

6. Transmit Power of Various Systems AM RadioMF - HF500 - 50 KW FM RadioVHF5 - 30 KW TVLow VHF (Channels 1-6)3 - 10 KW TVHigh VHF (Channels 7-13)10 - 100 KW TVUFH (Channels 14-89)1000 - 5000 KW RadarPeak Power (UHF-Ka-Band)50 - 5000 KW RadarAverage Power100 - 5 KW

7. Human Response to RF Levels REFERENCE 1 Watt/kgBasal Metabolism Rate 1.4 Watt/kgResting Metabolism Rate 5-8 Watt/kgExercise 18 Watt/kgMaximal Exercise Lying on Beach Sunning80 - 100 milli Watts/cm 2 Threshold of Feeling (2300 MHz)26 milli Watts/cm 2 Threshold of Feeling (infrared)1.6 milli Watts/cm 2

8. Occupational Distribution

9. Hazards Electromagnetic Radiation To  Personnel (HERP)  Fuels (HERF)  Ordnance (HERO)

10. Controlling Documentation on Safety  FCC OET Bulletin 65  FCC Report & Order 96-326  ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992  DoD Inst 6055.11 Personnel Exposure  NAVSEA OP3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Vol I HERP and HERF Limits  NAVSEA OP3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Vol II HERO Limits

11. FCC Limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) Plane-wave Equivalent Power Density

12. FCC Limits for Occupational/Controlled Exposure

13. FCC Limits for General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure

14. IEEE Maximum Permissible Exposure for Controlled Environments  Part A  Electromagnetic Fields  1 2 3 4 5  Frequency Electric Field Magnetic Field Power Density (s) Averaging  Range Strength (E) Strength (H) E = Field, H-Field Time  (MHz) (V/m) (A/m) (mW/cm 2 ) |E| 2, |H| 2 or S  (minutes)  0.003 - 0.1 614 163 (100, 1 000 000) 6  0.1 - 3.0 614 16.3/  (100, 10 000/  2 ) 6  3 - 30 1842/  16.3/  (900/f 2, 10 000/f 2 ) 6  30 -100 61.4 16.3/  (1.0, 10 000/f 2 ) 6  100 - 300 61.4 0.163 1.0 6  300 - 3000  /300 6  3000 - 15000 10 6  15000 - 300000 10 616 000/f 1.2

15. IEEE Maximum Permissible Exposure for Uncontrolled Environments  Part A  Electromagnetic Fields  1 2 3 4 5  Frequency Electric Field Magnetic Field Power Density (s) Averaging  Range Strength (E) Strength (H) E = Field, H-Field Time  (MHz) (V/m) (A/m) (mW/cm 2 ) |E| 2, S or |H| 2  (minutes)   0.003 - 0.1 614 163 (100, 1 000 000) 6 6  0.1 - 1.34 614 16.3/  (100, 10 000/  2 ) 6 6  1.34 -3.0 823.8/  16.3/  (180/f 2, 10 000/  2 ) f 2 /0.3 6  3.0 - 30 823.8/  16.3/  (180/f 2, 10 000/  2 ) 30 6  30 - 100 27.5 158.3/  1.668 (0.2, 940 000/  3.336 ) 30 0.0636  1.337  100 - 300 27.5 0.0729 0.2 30 30  300 - 3000  /1500 30  3000 - 15000  /1500 90 000/   15000 - 300000 10 616 000/  1.2 

16. Near Field and Transition Zone Distance Calculation  Where,  N = Extent of Near Field Zone, Meters  T = Extent of Transition Zone, Meters  D = Antenna Diameter, Meters   = Wavelength, Meters

17. Near Field Calculation  Where,  PD = Near Field Power Density, Watts/(meter) 2  P = Power Output of System, Watts  E = Antenna Efficiency, Number (one or less)  A = Antenna Area, (meter) 2

18. Transition Zone Calculation  Where,  (PDT) = Transition Zone Power Density,Watts/(meter) 2  (PD) = Power Density in Near FIeld, Watts/(meter) 2  R = Distance to Point of Interest, Meters  N = Near Field Zone Distance, Meters

19. Far Field and Off-Axis Calculation  Where,  PDF = Power Density in the Far Field or Off-Axis in the Near Field or Transition Zone, Watts/(meter) 2  P = Power Delivered to the Antenna, Watts  G = Gain of the Antenna Relative to an isotropic in the direction of Interest, Number  R = Distance to the Point of Interest, meters