Scientific Method and More

Defining Science Science – “to know” Pure Science research that adds to the body of scientific knowledge has no practical use Applied Science (Technology) the practical application of scientific knowledge

Defining Science PURE APPLIED human genetics polymer science atomic theory study of the human ear APPLIED DNA fingerprinting Lycra® spandex nuclear weapons hearing aids

3 main areas of science 1. Biology The study of ____________________ 2. Physical science 3. Earth science

Some Science Terms Hypothesis – an _____________ guess, a _______________ about what you think WILL happen Theory– explanation of things or events that is based on _______________ gained from many observations Examples: Scientific __________– statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true all the time.

Scientific Method Organized set of investigation procedures. To find the answer to a ______________.

Scientific Method 1. State the Problem Gather Information on the problem 3. Form a Hypothesis 4. Perform the Experiment 5. Record and Analyze Data 6. State a Conclusion ***** Repeat the Work *****

Variables Variable– literally means “something __________________” Independent Variable – the variable the experimenter controls and changes in an experiment …. Graphed on the ___-axis Problem: How does light effect the growth of tulips? IV: the amount of light given to the tulips

Experiment setup Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4

Dependent Variable– the thing you _________________ in an experiment (this changes because of the independent variable)… plotted on the y-axis of a graph Problem: How does light effect the growth of tulips? DV: the growth of the tulip (height)

Control– set up exactly like the experiment, but has no ________________ variable in it (also called “control group”) _________________– these are factors that are kept THE SAME among all experimental groups. Same amount of water, same type of plant, same amount of plant food, same type of soil, same size container, etc.

Try this… Problem: Which laundry detergent cleans grass stains out of jeans better? Hypothesis: _____________ will clean grass stains out of jeans better than ____________________. IV: DV: Constants:

Any Questions? Get with a partner! Problem: Which type of mouthwash kills bacteria better? Hypothesis: (make sure it encompasses both the IV and the DV) IV: DV: Constants: How would a control group be set up?

Graphs Line Graph Used for showing changes that occur in related variables ________________ variable plotted on x-axis _________________ variable plotted on y-axis Can be directly proportional Or inversely proportional

Graphing 2. Bar Graphs Used to compare a set of measurements, amounts of changes 3. Circle Graph or Pie Charts A _______ divided to show how a part of something relates to the __________