Georgia in the 20th century By: ZUwena Msangi, caylie long, Amelia Merchant, Nicolas Amato, Andrew Fraser & quentin edwards

Technology, the transformation of agriculture, & the population shift How did improvements in technology impact the small farmer? As urban areas grew and modernized, they called for more agricultural goods and production to supply them. To keep up with such demands, new technology was produced such as an internal combustion engine inside of a tractor, synthetic fertilizers, and other chemical products. This created more efficient work for farmers and allowed them to more quickly produce their goods. How did the Great Depression impact the future of agriculture? Many farmers went bankrupt from the Great Depression and were unable to pay their debt, taxes, and living expenses. This caused them to lose much of their land and farms, taking a great toll on agricultural production. Farmers started rioting by burning their fields and forming angry mobs to get help from the government How did large farms impact small farms in rural Georgia? Farms began to grow in size over time and larger farms eventually became more agriculturally sought out. Georgia had, on average, 67,000 farms of about 500 acres each in 1969. The number of farms more than tripled in size in 1945 with Georgia having 226,000 farms each an average of 105 acres.

Technology, the transformation of agriculture, & the population shift cont. Why did the rural population shift to the urban cities? Urban cities had many more job opportunities from new businesses that attracted many veterans arriving from the war. Transportation was also very convenient here as streetcars and railways were built around the cities. What attracted businesses to move to GA? The Savannah and Brunswick shipping yard, interstate highway system, and Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport were huge factors that gave businesses opportunities to thrive. New homes and apartments, parks, warehouses, office buildings, and shopping centers also gave businesses reason to come to Georgia. What are some large employers that moved to GA in 1950’s 1960’s? Delta, United Parcel Service, Coca-Cola, The Home Depot, and Turner Broadcasting all moved to Georgia during this time period and provided the state with many job opportunities. In addition, the carpet and poultry industries in north Georgia received nation recognition.

William B. Hartsfield What made GA an aviation hub? The Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport made Georgia an aviation hub. It also brought Delta to Atlanta and is currently one of the busiest airports in the world. One of the airport's founders is William B. Hartsfield. How did he deal with civil rights in Atlanta? Hartsfield formed a biracial group to win local elections. He was also the first to hire black police officers in return for votes as mayor. How many terms did he serve as mayor? He served as mayor for six terms-longer than anyone in the city's history What were the accomplishments of Hartsfield? He was a founder of Atlanta's first airport, the Hartsfield- Jackson airport, making Georgia a major aviation hub and was titled the "father of aviation". Hartsfield also helped label Atlanta as "the city too busy to hate" by contributing with desegregation. Additionally, Hartsfield served as mayor longer than any other mayor of Atlanta.

Ivan Allen Jr. How did he continue desegregation as Hartfield began? Ivan Allen Jr. bore witness against congress for civil rights and developed a friendship with Martin Luther King Jr. and other black leaders. He led negotiations between white merchants and protestors against segregated businesses. During this civil rights period, he became mayor and took down all signs promoting segregation in city hall. He also integrated Atlanta's fire department and government. What businesses did Allen bring to Atlanta? Allen brought the CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What professional sports team moved to Atlanta during his term as mayor? The Braves,  the Atlanta falcons, and Atlanta hawks all moved to Atlanta.

The End Of The White Primary What is it? White primaries were important , or primary, elections held in the Southern United States in which only white voters were permitted to participate. Why did it end? The Supreme Court made white primaries illegal in the 1953 case of Terry vs. Adams, saying that the Fifteenth Amendment included public issues and elections, therefore allowing African-Americans to vote on the matter. In the end, the NAACP and Supreme Court labeled white primaries as disenfranchisement and removed it.

The 1946 Governor's race Who were the participants in the race for governor? Ellis Arnall, Melvin Thompson, and Herman Talmadge were involved in the race. What was the issue? These 3 participants all took a spot as governor, resulting in Georgia having 3 governors at once. How did it play out? Eugene Talmadge was elected as governor but died before taking office. His son, Herman Talmadge, was elected, but Melvin E. Thompson also claimed office. Ellis Arnall, governor before Eugene Talmadge, refused to leave office. Why was the race rectified? Melvin Thompson was ruled by the Supreme Court as the proper governor in 1947 and a special election was held in 1948 to permanently resolve the issue. Arnall left office and Talmadge accepted the court's decision. Herman Talmadge later ran against Thompson in 1950 and won with a campaign against the civil rights movement and in support of white primaries, just like his father, Eugene Talmadge. The two had spread the idea of white primaries before it was eradicated in 1953.

Citations https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_primaries http://gahistorysms.weebly.com/white-primary-ends.html https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/three-governors-controversy https://ss8h11.wordpress.com/ss8h11-section-a/1946-governors-race/ https://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2004-A-Di/Allen-Ivan-Jr.html https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/william-b-hartsfield-1890-1971 https://www.nps.gov/features/malu/feat0002/wof/ivan_allen.htm http://sharoncreekgahistory.weebly.com/development-of-atlanta.html https://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/william-b-hartsfield

Citations cont. https://www.britannica.com/technology/history-of-technology/The-20th-century#ref14894  http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath/great-depression-hits-farms-and-cities-1930s  https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/cobblearning.net/dist/6/1038/files/2017/03/Unit-8-Post-WWII-Growth-of-Georgia-2- 22ditfp.pdf https://www.paulding.k12.ga.us/cms/lib/GA01903603/Centricity/Domain/1093/POST%20WWI%20GEORGIA.ppt https://m.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/world-war-ii-georgia https://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/economy/article/transportation-and-the-economy  https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-history-overview